The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land of Israel

1
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• There has been a continuous and unbroken Jewish
  presence in the Land of Israel since the 17th
  century BCE, some 3,700 years.

2
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• A significant part of the nation's long history
  was enacted in the Land of Israel, of which the
  first thousand years are recorded in the Bible.

3
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• There, its cultural, religious and national
  identity was formed.

4
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• and there, its physical presence has been
  maintained unbroken through the centuries, even
  after the majority was forced into exile.

5
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• During the many years of dispersion, the Jewish
  people never severed nor forgot its bond with the
  Land of Israel.

6
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel

• With the establishment of the State of Israel in
  1948, Jewish independence, lost two thousand
  years earlier, was renewed.

7
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 17th century The Patriarchs Tradition
ascribes that Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sara,
Rebecca, Rachel and Leah the patriarchs
matriarchs of the Jewish people and bearers of a
belief in one God - settle in the Land of
Israel. c. 13th to 12th centuries The Bnei
Yisrael or Israelites settle the Land of Israel.
8
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 1020 BCE Jewish Monarchy established Saul,
first king . c. 1000 BCE Jerusalem made
capital of David's kingdom.
9
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 960 BCE First Temple, the national and
spiritual center of the Jewish people, built in
Jerusalem by King Solomon.
10
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 930 BCE Divided kingdom Judah and Israel.
Divided Kingdom of Israel
11
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 586 BCE Nebuchadnezzer, King of Babylon
conquers Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple
- the Jews are exiled to Babylon
By the waters of Babylon, there we sat and wept
as we remembered Zion If I forget, thee, O
Jerusalem Psalm 137
12
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
17th-6th centuries BCE BIBLICAL TIMES
c. 530s BCE Jews return to Israel from Babylon
and start to build the Second Temple c. 517
BCE Second Temple is completed c. 440s BCE
Ezra Nehemia arrive in Jerusalem to
strengthen the community.
All the people raised a great shout extolling
the Lord because the foundation of the House of
the Lord had been laid. Ezra, 311
13
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
4th 1st centuries BCE
c. 332 BCE Alexander the Great of Macedonia
takes over the Persian empire including Judea and
Samaria.
14
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
4th 1st centuries BCE
c. 200 BCE Antiochus the Third of Syria takes
control of Judea c. 175 BCE Antiochus the
Fourth strongly encourages Hellenisation among
his subjects
15
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
4th 1st centuries BCE
c. 170-165 BCE Period of forced Hellenisation
leads to Maccabee Rebellion
Hanukah
Then his son Judah, called Maccabee, rose up in
his stead. And all his brethren helped him, and
so did all they that held with his father, and
they fought with cheerfulness the battle of
Israel. Maccabees I, 31
16
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
4th 1st centuries BCE
c. 67-63 BCE Civil war between two Maccabee
brothers. They turn for help to Rome. Rome enters
Judea.
17
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
4th 1st centuries BCE
c. 40 BCE Herod appointed king of Judea by the
Romans 4 CE Death of Herod
Now, when Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the
days of Herod the king Matthew, 21
18
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
6 CE Judea becomes Roman province. Romans
start period of direct rule. Beginning of Zealot
revolts
19
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
c. 30 CE Death of Jesus of Nazereth c. 40
CE Paul (Saul) of Tarsus begins his mission to
the Gentiles
20
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
66 CE Outbreak of Jewish revolt against the
Romans 70 CE FALL OF JERUSALEM
Second Temple as it appeared in the first century
CE Model, Holy Land Hotel, Jerusalem
21
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
73 CE Siege of Massada
22
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
130-132 CE Emperor Hadrian takes steps that
will cause Jewish rebellion.
Hadrian, initially quite favored by the Jews,
made a number of decisions that caused a spirit
of rebellion to surface among the Jews of Judea.
Circumcision was outlawed and a decision was
taken to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan city,
despite rumors of promises that he had previously
made to allow the rebuilding of the Temple by the
Jews. This treachery, as it was seen, caused
intense anger among the Jews.
23
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
132-135 CE Bar Kochba Rebellion
In the year 132, the revolt breaks out under the
Jewish commander Bar Kochba, but is eventually
crushed. Roman estimates put the numbers of Jews
killed in the rebellion in the hundreds of
thousands .
24
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
With the intention of obliterating the countrys
historic Jewish identity, Rome renamed Judea
Palestina, a name derived from the Jews ancient
rivals, the Philistines.
135 CE Judea renamed by the Romans
Yehuda ? YehudimJudea ? Judeans ?Jews
(English) Renamed by Romans Philistines ?
Palestina
The word Palestine does not appear in the Old or
New Testaments. As late as the 4th century C.E.
we still find a Christian author, Epiphanius,
referring to Palestine, that is, Judea.
25
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st century CE
132-135 CE Bar Kochba Rebellion
The Romans also leveled Jerusalem and turned it
into a pagan city. The Temple Mount was made
into a shrine for Jupiter. Jerusalem is renamed
Aelia Capitolina
26
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 140 CE Lower Galilee replaces Yavneh after
the disaster of the Bar Kochba revolt as the
center of talmudic learning and the Rabbinical
court (Sanhedrin) under the leadership of Rabbi
Judah Hanasi.
c. 170 CE Beth Shearim becomes the new center
of learning under Judah HaNasi.
27
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 140 to 315 CE Jewish communities continue to
exist in the Land of Israel. The Mishna is
codified, and the Jerusalem Talmud is produced.
Meanwhile, center of of Torah authority moves
to Babylon.
c. 313 CE Constantine begins to institute
anti-Jewish legislation. c. 324 - 335 CE
Byzantine rule - the Roman Empire including
Jerusalem becomes Christian under Emperor
Constantine
28
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 351 CE ANOTHER JEWISH REVOLT AGAINST THE
ROMANS IN ERETZ ISRAEL
This revolt which was started in the large Jewish
community of Sepphoris (Tzippori) is known as the
war against Gallus, it being directed against
Gallus, the Roman emperor of the east, whose
harsh policies and corrupt rule brought about the
rebellion.
29
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 360-363 CE PROMISE TO JEWS TO REBUILD THE
TEMPLE
In the year 360 Emperor Julian, the last of the
non-Christian emperors, came to power in the
Roman empire. He showed great favor to the Jews
and promised them permission to rebuild their
Temple. Preparatory work was actually done. Jews
started to come in large numbers to Eretz Israel
and settled in Jerusalem, collecting money for
the great work at hand. When Julian died in in
363, the project stopped and Christian dominance
resumed.
30
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 614-630 CE Persians gain temporary control
of Palestine. Jews temporarily return to
Jerusalem
For some years, the Persians had been mounting a
campaign from the east to take land from the
Eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire). In
614 they took control of Palestine with the
active help of the Jewish population who are
rewarded with the chance of returning to
Jerusalem and governing it themselves which they
proceed to do. But the Persians then turn against
the Jews demanding that they give up the rights
that they had enjoyed in Jerusalem.
31
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 622-28 CE Mohammed drives the Jewish tribes
from Arabia
Mohammed, founder of the new faith of Islam in
Arabia, initially hoped that the Jews would
recognize him as their prophet and would accept
his new religious ideas. However, as he saw that
the Jews, despite some support for him, had not
left their own faith, he started to become more
aggressive towards them. After he moved the
center of his new movement from Mecca to Medina,
he took a more active line against the Jews and
pushed some of the Jewish tribes out of the
Arabian peninsula.
32
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
1st 7th centuries CE
c. 638 CE Moslem conquest of Jerusalem. Jews
allowed to return. c. 660-691 CE Al Aqsa
mosque and Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem
The Moslem conquest of the Holy Land was an event
of great significance. Under Moslem rule in Eretz
Israel, Jews were allowed to return to Jerusalem.
33
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
7th through 11th centuries CE
c. 638 - 1099 CE After the Arab/Muslim
conquest, Eretz Israel comes under Muslim rule.
A number of Jews Christians convert to Islam.
The dominant language changes from Greek
Aramaic to Arabic.
34
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
11 th through 13th centuries CE
c. 1099 1291 CE The Crusader Period
For the next 200 years, the country was dominated
by the Crusaders, who, following an appeal by
Pope Urban II, came from Europe to recover the
Holy Land from the infidels. In July 1099, after
a five-week siege, the knights of the First
Crusade and their rabble army captured Jerusalem,
massacring most of the city's non-Christian
inhabitants. Barricaded in their synagogues, the
Jews defended their quarter, only to be burnt to
death or sold into slavery.
35
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
13th through 16th centuries CE
c. 1291 1516 CE Mamluk Rule
The Land under the Mamluks became a backwater
province ruled from Cairo. Akko, Jaffa (Yafo) and
other ports were destroyed for fear of new
crusades, and maritime as well as overland
commerce was interrupted. By the end of the
Middle Ages, the country's urban centers were
virtually in ruins, most of Jerusalem was
abandoned and the small Jewish community was
poverty-stricken. The period of Mamluk decline
was darkened by political and economic upheavals,
plagues, locust invasions and devastating
earthquakes.
36
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
16th through 20th centuries CE
1517-1917 CE Ottoman Rule
Following the Ottoman conquest in 1517, the Land
was divided into four districts and attached
administratively to the province of Damascus and
ruled from Istanbul. With a gradual decline in
the quality of Ottoman rule, the country was
brought to a state of widespread neglect. By the
end of the 18th century, much of the land was
owned by absentee landlords and leased to
impoverished tenant farmers, and taxation was as
crippling as it was capricious. An estimated
1,000 Jewish families lived in the country,
mainly in Jerusalem, Nablus (Shechem), Hebron,
Gaza, Safad (Tzfat) and the villages of Galilee.
37
The Birthplace of the Jewish People is the Land
of Israel
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
19th through 20th centuries CE
Zionism
The national liberation movement of the Jewish
people, derives its name from the word 'Zion',
the traditional synonym for Jerusalem and the
Land of Israel. The idea of Zionism -- the
redemption of the Jewish people in its ancestral
homeland -- is rooted in the continuous longing
for and deep attachment to the Land of Israel,
which have been an inherent part of Jewish
existence in the Diaspora through the centuries.