Title: Opportunities and Constraints for human activities in the CTWM and Monsoon climates
1Opportunities and Constraints for human
activities in the CTWM and Monsoon climates
2Reminder
Make a comparative study of the precipitation
between the tropical monsoon and cool temperate
western maritime types of climate. This should
take the format of an essay, and should carefully
go over the differences and similarities of the 2
different climates, explaining why they occur-
use the climate data that you have, plus any
other data you might find out Due in next
Tuesday (8th Feb)
3Living in the Monsoon
- You have looked closely at the type of weather
associated with the Monsoon - In rough, brainstorm the ways that peoples lives
are restricted by the climate - Then, brainstorm the way that the monsoon brings
opportunities - 5 minutes
4Opportunities in the Monsoon
- Temperatures always high enough for cultivation
- Farming can be geared towards starting when the
monsoon rain is expected (after 8 months of
little rain) - Rice is best suited- intense cultivation takes
place on flooded padi fields - Rice will then provide a staple food source for
the rest of the year - Commercial farming of rice can lead to income
(think Uncle Bens) - Mountain slopes in Assam and Darjeeling have the
perfect amount of rain for tea bushes
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6Constraints in the Monsoon
- Rain varies each year
- Between 1899 and 1999, 15 years were drought
years- rainfall amount was 25 lower than average - In these cases, great hardship ensues for
farmers, their families and their communities - Growing rice can be risky. If the crop fails then
families will have no food - If the rain is too heavy, padi fields can be
washed away - Roads can be cut off, and people left isolated
- If a tropical cyclone occurs, then people can
die, buildings collapse, and disease can spread
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8Living in the CTWM
- You have looked closely at the type of weather
associated with the CTWM - In rough, brainstorm the ways that peoples lives
are restricted by the climate - Then, brainstorm the way that the CTWM brings
opportunities - 5 minutes
9Opportunities in the CTWM
- Relatively cool summers and mild winters mean
construction work and outdoor activities can take
place almost all year round - Farming takes place- Pastoral in the west
(wetter), Arable in the East (relatively drier) - Water can be dammed in the west and moved to
where it is needed - Holiday resorts concentrated on south coast
- Uplands of Scotland have a short ski season
- All these generate income
10Pastoral Farming
Arable Farming
11Constraints in the CTWM
- Variable weather can ruin events e.g. Wimbledon.
This leads to loss of income - More people travel abroad for hols- seaside
resorts heavily dependent upon daily and weekend
visitors- largely governed by weather - People that have weather-connected operations
e.g. travel companies- ferries- pay the met
office for private forecasts - Roads have to be gritted in the winter months-
adds to council tax bill - Supermarkets can lose out on weather-related
stock e.g. ice cream
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13CTWM- a reminder
- There are still occasional extreme weather events
in the UK - Page 63-
- Make notes on the 3 extreme weather events
- Lynmouth floods 1952
- Great Storm 1987
- Drought 1995
14Climatic Hazards
15Climatic Hazards
- What is a Climatic Hazard?
- Definition- a severe variation from average
climatic conditions which cause problems for the
people living in the area affected - They occur in the Short-term
- Be careful not to get confused with climatic
problems - e.g.
- Drought is not a hazard for people who live in
the desert- for them drought is a climatic
problem which they have overcome in order to live
there in the first place - Drought is a Climatic Hazard for people who live
in an area where rain is expected to fall, but
doesnt
16Types of Climatic Hazard
- The 3 main types of Climatic hazard, classified
according to what causes the most problems to
people in the world are- - Strong Winds
- Heavy rain
- Drought
Remember- Extreme weather occurs all around the
world. However, extreme cold and blizzards are
mostly restricted to the Polar regions
17Task
- Produce a fully labelled map of areas of the
world that suffer from Climatic Hazards. (Page
66) - Make sure that your map has-
- Title
- Key
- Scale
- North sign
18Strong winds
- Use the photos provided, and page 64 /65 to
explain where, why and how strong winds occur.
Use the diagrams
19What you shouldve said-
- Severe gales are associated with deep depressions
in mid-latitudes - Steep pressure gradients cause the strong winds
- Tropical revolving storms (Hurricanes, cyclones,
willy-willies) feed off warm seas (above 27c) - Tornadoes form over land, not sea
- A sudden up-current of air can create a violent
spiral
20Heavy rain
- Air that rises high in low pressure systems
(usually at the cold front) causes heavy
precipitation - The heaviest rain falls due to intense convection
from hot surfaces
21Heavy rain
- In temperate areas, the heaviest rain occurs
usually at the cold front
22Heavy rain
- In the tropics the areas along the ITCZ are the
areas with the heaviest rain - Remember though- for many of the areas this is
not a hazard- simply a part of the annual cycle
of weather
23Drought
- Drought is a hazard in many parts of the world
- It is an abnormal condition and should not be
confused with an annual dry season
24Drought in Africa- The Sahel
- The Sahel region has become synonymous with
drought
- DROUGHTS HAVE PLAGUED THE LAND HERE IN THE SAHEL
STRETCHING FROM WEST AFRICA EASTWARDS FOR FIVE
YEARS BUT IS DROUGHT HERE REALLY THE PROBLEM? - LAND USE PRACTISES HAVE CAUSED THE DEATHS OF
MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE - OVER 12 MILLION CATTLE HAVE DIED
- SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE BEEN DISRUPTED ON A
NATIONAL SCALE
25What causes the drought in the Sahel?
- There are both natural and human causes of the
drought in the Sahel - Next week we will cover the natural causes
- I would like you to do some reading in addition
to the homework you already have- first your
textbook Page 67, and secondly, the web links
Ive just given you
26Human causes of the drought in the Sahel
- The Sahel regions are areas which experience
desertification
27DESERTIFICATION
Desertification is when a desert gradually
spreads to the surrounding areas of semi-desert
28- Why does the Sahel suffer from desertification?
DESERTIFICATION
Increase in cattle
Increase in population
Deforestation for fire wood
Grassland grazed more intensively
Roots no longer hold soil together
Roots may be eaten as well as grass
Less vegetation means less protection from weather
Leaves no longer protect soil from weather
Loose top soil blown away by wind (Soil
Erosion)
Loose top soil blown away by wind (Soil
Erosion)
DESERTIFICATION
29EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION
YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES FOR EACH TASK. TASK 1 DRAW
A SPIDER DIAGRAM LISTING AT LEAST 8 EFFECTS OF
DESERTIFICATION.
EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION
TASK 2 I WILL SHOW YOU ON THE NEXT SLIDE A
PHOTOGRAPH. YOU ARE A JOURNALIST AND YOU MUST
GIVE AN APPROPRIATE CAPTION OR TITLE TO THE
PHOTOGRAPH.
30CAPTION NEEDED