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Opportunities and Constraints for human activities in the CTWM and Monsoon climates

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Roots may be eaten as well as grass. Leaves no longer protect soil from weather ... TASK 1 DRAW A SPIDER DIAGRAM LISTING AT LEAST 8 EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Opportunities and Constraints for human activities in the CTWM and Monsoon climates


1
Opportunities and Constraints for human
activities in the CTWM and Monsoon climates
2
Reminder
  • Homework was to-

Make a comparative study of the precipitation
between the tropical monsoon and cool temperate
western maritime types of climate. This should
take the format of an essay, and should carefully
go over the differences and similarities of the 2
different climates, explaining why they occur-
use the climate data that you have, plus any
other data you might find out Due in next
Tuesday (8th Feb)
3
Living in the Monsoon
  • You have looked closely at the type of weather
    associated with the Monsoon
  • In rough, brainstorm the ways that peoples lives
    are restricted by the climate
  • Then, brainstorm the way that the monsoon brings
    opportunities
  • 5 minutes

4
Opportunities in the Monsoon
  • Temperatures always high enough for cultivation
  • Farming can be geared towards starting when the
    monsoon rain is expected (after 8 months of
    little rain)
  • Rice is best suited- intense cultivation takes
    place on flooded padi fields
  • Rice will then provide a staple food source for
    the rest of the year
  • Commercial farming of rice can lead to income
    (think Uncle Bens)
  • Mountain slopes in Assam and Darjeeling have the
    perfect amount of rain for tea bushes

5
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6
Constraints in the Monsoon
  • Rain varies each year
  • Between 1899 and 1999, 15 years were drought
    years- rainfall amount was 25 lower than average
  • In these cases, great hardship ensues for
    farmers, their families and their communities
  • Growing rice can be risky. If the crop fails then
    families will have no food
  • If the rain is too heavy, padi fields can be
    washed away
  • Roads can be cut off, and people left isolated
  • If a tropical cyclone occurs, then people can
    die, buildings collapse, and disease can spread

7
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8
Living in the CTWM
  • You have looked closely at the type of weather
    associated with the CTWM
  • In rough, brainstorm the ways that peoples lives
    are restricted by the climate
  • Then, brainstorm the way that the CTWM brings
    opportunities
  • 5 minutes

9
Opportunities in the CTWM
  • Relatively cool summers and mild winters mean
    construction work and outdoor activities can take
    place almost all year round
  • Farming takes place- Pastoral in the west
    (wetter), Arable in the East (relatively drier)
  • Water can be dammed in the west and moved to
    where it is needed
  • Holiday resorts concentrated on south coast
  • Uplands of Scotland have a short ski season
  • All these generate income

10
Pastoral Farming
Arable Farming
11
Constraints in the CTWM
  • Variable weather can ruin events e.g. Wimbledon.
    This leads to loss of income
  • More people travel abroad for hols- seaside
    resorts heavily dependent upon daily and weekend
    visitors- largely governed by weather
  • People that have weather-connected operations
    e.g. travel companies- ferries- pay the met
    office for private forecasts
  • Roads have to be gritted in the winter months-
    adds to council tax bill
  • Supermarkets can lose out on weather-related
    stock e.g. ice cream

12
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13
CTWM- a reminder
  • There are still occasional extreme weather events
    in the UK
  • Page 63-
  • Make notes on the 3 extreme weather events
  • Lynmouth floods 1952
  • Great Storm 1987
  • Drought 1995

14
Climatic Hazards
15
Climatic Hazards
  • What is a Climatic Hazard?
  • Definition- a severe variation from average
    climatic conditions which cause problems for the
    people living in the area affected
  • They occur in the Short-term
  • Be careful not to get confused with climatic
    problems
  • e.g.
  • Drought is not a hazard for people who live in
    the desert- for them drought is a climatic
    problem which they have overcome in order to live
    there in the first place
  • Drought is a Climatic Hazard for people who live
    in an area where rain is expected to fall, but
    doesnt

16
Types of Climatic Hazard
  • The 3 main types of Climatic hazard, classified
    according to what causes the most problems to
    people in the world are-
  • Strong Winds
  • Heavy rain
  • Drought

Remember- Extreme weather occurs all around the
world. However, extreme cold and blizzards are
mostly restricted to the Polar regions
17
Task
  • Produce a fully labelled map of areas of the
    world that suffer from Climatic Hazards. (Page
    66)
  • Make sure that your map has-
  • Title
  • Key
  • Scale
  • North sign

18
Strong winds
  • Use the photos provided, and page 64 /65 to
    explain where, why and how strong winds occur.
    Use the diagrams

19
What you shouldve said-
  • Severe gales are associated with deep depressions
    in mid-latitudes
  • Steep pressure gradients cause the strong winds
  • Tropical revolving storms (Hurricanes, cyclones,
    willy-willies) feed off warm seas (above 27c)
  • Tornadoes form over land, not sea
  • A sudden up-current of air can create a violent
    spiral

20
Heavy rain
  • Air that rises high in low pressure systems
    (usually at the cold front) causes heavy
    precipitation
  • The heaviest rain falls due to intense convection
    from hot surfaces

21
Heavy rain
  • In temperate areas, the heaviest rain occurs
    usually at the cold front

22
Heavy rain
  • In the tropics the areas along the ITCZ are the
    areas with the heaviest rain
  • Remember though- for many of the areas this is
    not a hazard- simply a part of the annual cycle
    of weather

23
Drought
  • Drought is a hazard in many parts of the world
  • It is an abnormal condition and should not be
    confused with an annual dry season

24
Drought in Africa- The Sahel
  • The Sahel region has become synonymous with
    drought
  • DROUGHTS HAVE PLAGUED THE LAND HERE IN THE SAHEL
    STRETCHING FROM WEST AFRICA EASTWARDS FOR FIVE
    YEARS BUT IS DROUGHT HERE REALLY THE PROBLEM?
  • LAND USE PRACTISES HAVE CAUSED THE DEATHS OF
    MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE
  • OVER 12 MILLION CATTLE HAVE DIED
  • SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE BEEN DISRUPTED ON A
    NATIONAL SCALE

25
What causes the drought in the Sahel?
  • There are both natural and human causes of the
    drought in the Sahel
  • Next week we will cover the natural causes
  • I would like you to do some reading in addition
    to the homework you already have- first your
    textbook Page 67, and secondly, the web links
    Ive just given you

26
Human causes of the drought in the Sahel
  • The Sahel regions are areas which experience
    desertification

27
DESERTIFICATION
  • What is desertification?

Desertification is when a desert gradually
spreads to the surrounding areas of semi-desert
28
  • Why does the Sahel suffer from desertification?

DESERTIFICATION
Increase in cattle
Increase in population
Deforestation for fire wood
Grassland grazed more intensively
Roots no longer hold soil together
Roots may be eaten as well as grass
Less vegetation means less protection from weather
Leaves no longer protect soil from weather
Loose top soil blown away by wind (Soil
Erosion)
Loose top soil blown away by wind (Soil
Erosion)
DESERTIFICATION
29
EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION
YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES FOR EACH TASK. TASK 1 DRAW
A SPIDER DIAGRAM LISTING AT LEAST 8 EFFECTS OF
DESERTIFICATION.
EFFECTS OF DESERTIFICATION
TASK 2 I WILL SHOW YOU ON THE NEXT SLIDE A
PHOTOGRAPH. YOU ARE A JOURNALIST AND YOU MUST
GIVE AN APPROPRIATE CAPTION OR TITLE TO THE
PHOTOGRAPH.
30
CAPTION NEEDED
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