Unit 1 Early Civilizations Native American Cultures West Africa West Europe

1
Unit 1Early CivilizationsNative American
CulturesWest AfricaWest Europe
2
Humans Come to America

• Between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago the first
  inhabitants came to North America
• Through radiocarbon dating on fossil materials we
  can calculate the age
• About 100,000 years ago a land bridge formed
  between Asia and North America known as Beringia

3
Civilizations Form

• Civilizations formed about 10,000 years ago due
  to agriculture and cooperation
• The Olmec are believed to be the first
  civilization around 1500-1200 BC
• The Maya civilization developed in the Yucatan
  Peninsula and Central America (died out around
  1000 AD)
• The Aztec empire formed around 1300 around
  present-day Mexico City. Tenochtitlan will be the
  capital

4
The Natives of North America

• The Hohokans and the Anasazi were the first major
  civilizations. They were formed in present day
  Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado from 300 to 1300
  AD
• The mound builders of the East and Southeast were
  the most influential and largest of what is now
  America
• Hopewell and Mississippian Cultures will survive
  for hundreds of years, but will begin to decline
  with the arrival of the European (Etowah and
  Cahokia are mound sites)

5
Native American Cultures

• Cultures develop based on where the group settled

6
The Southwest

• Live in small bands and are sedentary tribes
• Farm and herd sheep (Hopi, Pueblo, Navajo, and
  Apache)

The Pacific Northwest

• They will grow much larger because of agriculture
  and fishing
• From modern day Northern California to Southern
  Alaska, 8 tribes will flourish (Tlingit, Chinook,
  Nez Perce, Yakima, Pomo, Yute

7
The Plains

• Greatly impacted by the arrival of whites in
  America
• Sioux, Pawnee, Cheyenne, and Shoshone will become
  nomadic because of the horse (hunt buffalo)

The Far North

• Home to Aleut and Inuit tribes (Eskimos)
• Seals and whales are the mainstay for their growth

8
The Eastern Woodland

• Home to many sedentary tribes who were able to
  thrive by hunting and farming
• 2 major languages (Algonquin and Iroquoian ) were
  used for communication
• Delaware, Iroquois League, Mohawk, Seneca, Huron

The Southeast

• These tribes were also sedentary and had a very
  advanced culture
• Hunting, fishing, and farming were the means of
  survival (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw,
  and Natchez)
• The Creek tribe even divided their villages into
  Peace Towns and War Towns

9
Daily Assignment 1-1

• Terms for Unit 1 vocabulary quiz. Copy and
  define
• Puritan
• Headright
• Separatists
• Great Migration
• Restoration
• Gentry
• Fall Line
• Artisan
• Mercantilism
• Joint Stock Company
• Proprietary Colony
• Pilgrim
• Heretic
• Maryland Toleration Act
• Pacifism
• Subsistence Farming
• Bill of Exchange
• Capitalists

10
The Vikings

• In 1001 AD Leif Ericsson and his crew would visit
  Labrador and try to develop a colony
• The colony failed because of native resistance

11
West Africa

• From about 400- 1500s Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
  flourished by trading gold and salt
• Region has 3 typical geographical regions
• Desert (Sahara)
• Savannah
• Tropical Rainforest
• Religion was part of culture and around 900 AD,
  Islam spread into West Africa
• Gold and salt were primary trade items until
  slavery became profitable
• The system of slavery in Africa changes
  dramatically after Europeans begin to buy slaves
  on the Ivory Coast (New World)

12
Western Europe

• European society was changed dramatically after
  the Crusades (500-1400)
• Feudalism and the Manorial system were the
  economic, political, and system of protection
  used in Western Europe
• The rise of the merchant class and strong
  city/states would begin the Age of Exploration
  (Marco Polo)
• The Renaissance Era (1350-1600) will cause people
  to undergo changes in how to think, work,
  worship, and live. The Reformation (1517) led by
  Martin Luther would also contribute
• Merchants finance exploration and as trade became
  profitable people were willing to take chances.
  Henry the Navigator would establish a school to
  train sea captains in navigation and map making
• The Age of Exploration is born

13
Columbus Comes to America

• In 1492, Christopher Columbus, sailing for the
  Spanish crown, comes to the Caribbean
• Columbus will make three additional voyages to
  the New World and establish the 1st European
  colony
• Spain will send many more explorers to seek
  Glory, Gold, and God (3 Gs)
• In 1494, Pope Alexander VI establishes the Line
  of Demarcation. The Treaty of Tordesillas divides
  the New World between Spain and Portugal

14
The Columbian Exchange

• The flow of products from Europe to the New World
  and from the New World to Europe
• Natives taught farming methods and introduced new
  fruits and vegetables. Tobacco, potatoes and corn
  are examples
• Wheat, nuts, guns, horses, and diseases were
  exchanged

15
Daily Assignment 1-2

• People to know from Unit 1. Copy and write why
  they are important
• Oliver Cromwell
• Christopher Columbus
• Powhatan
• John Smith
• John Rolfe
• John Winthrop
• Answer the following questions
• What were the first 2 European countries that
  started exploring in the 15th century?
• Explain the difference between Triangular Trade
  and Columbian Exchange
• What was the eventual major activity of French
  explorers?
• What was the lost colony?

16
Spain Creates an Empire
17
The Aztecs fall to Cortes

• In 1519 Hernan Cortes will bring a small band to
  the Yucatan to find new sources of labor
• The new technologies they bring are guns, swords,
  cannons, and crossbowsgive the Aztecs a great
  advantage over other civilizations
• In 1520, with the help of the Tlaxacalan people
  Cortes marches against the Aztec
• Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, will fall and in
  1521 the Aztec civilization no longer exists

18
New Spain

• Cortes establishes Mexico and sends conquistadors
  to other areas
• Francisco Pizarro goes to South America (Peru)
  and conquers the Inca
• Coronado and DeSoto along with other Spaniards
  move to America and establish settlements
  (Presidios (Spanish forts) and Missions)
• Searching for the Seven Cities of Gold

19
Spanish Influence in the New World

• Hidalgos would establish a plantation system
  referred to as the ecomienda system. This would
  lead to 3 levels of society in the Americas
• Birth, income, and education determined which
  class you would fall into. The highest were
  Peninsulares, the middle were Criollos, and the
  lowest class was the Mestizos
• The Seven Cities of Gold were never found, but
  silver and other minerals were mined. Ranching
  also became profitable and the haciendas and
  vaqueros would set the standard for the American
  West

20
The Dutch and French

• Henry Hudson, sailing for the Dutch Netherlands,
  founds the New Netherlands colony, later to
  become New York
• French explorers begin arriving after 1524 in
  search of the Northwest Passage
• Verrazano and Cartier will map the North American
  coastline and the St. Lawrence waterway
• While searching for the Northwest Passage, they
  will move inland and establish the colonies of
  New France and Quebec (the capital)
• Fur trading will be the French answer to gold in
  the New World. Searching for fur will lead
  Marquette and LaSalle down the Mississippi River
  to the Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana and New Orleans)
• Note The French will bring Africans to Louisiana
  in 1565 to work in sugarcane

21
Daily Assignment 1-3

• What was Bacons Rebellion?
• How did slavery develop in the colonies?
• What was King Phillips War?
• Describe the establishment of town meetings and
  the development of the legislature in the New
  England colonies
• A. Founding of Rhode Island
• The Half-Way Covenant
• Salem Witch Trials
• Loss of the Massachusetts charter
• What were the reasons for the French settlement
  of Quebec?