Title: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK SERVICES ENHANCING RURAL DEVELOPMENT THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE IN
1INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIVESTOCK
SERVICESENHANCING RURAL DEVELOPMENTTHE
AFRICAN EXPERIENCE IN LIVESTOCK SERVICES(MALAWI
EXPERIENCE) APRIL16Th 22ND 2006 BEIJING,
CHINA
2Prepared by Dr D O Chinombo,Deputy Director
(Animal Health and Field Services)Department of
Animal Health and Livestock Development(DAHLD),
P O Box 2096,Lilongwe - Malawi. Tel No (265)
01 750 455/756 389Fax No (265) 01 751
349 E-mail agric-dahi_at_sdnp.org.mw
chinombo_at_sdnp.org.mw
3- 1.0 Introduction
- Malawi is 118,000 sq km,
- Lies between 32 15' and 36o 00 East
latitude and 09o 20 and 17o 08 south
longitude - It is bordered by Mozambique (East and
South), Tanzania (North), Zambia (West).
41.1 Background Map of Malawi
5- 1.2 Country Agricultural Profile
- 1.2.2 Agricultural Sector
- Human population is 12 13 million with 85
rural population and labor force of 87
(Livestock sub sector involves 50) - Agriculture contributes 36 to the GDP
(Livestock sub sector contributing only 8) - 1.2 million farm families own one or more
livestock types (15 commercial and 85
subsistence) - Expenditure on livestock products less than
10 and provides 1.3 of total dietary protein
61.2.2 Livestock Population
7- 1.3 Historical Livestock Services perspectives
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock
Development is among six technical departments
in the Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Security - Formed in 1929 Department of Veterinary
Services, mainly to control animal diseases. - Over years, the department has changed names.
- First policy statement was published in 1952
and reviewed in 1972, 1988 and 2005. - These policy statements aimed at improving
livestock production through disease control
8- 2.0 The Current Status of Livestock Services
- Low government livestock services with respect to
disease control and animal husbandry extension - Current ratio of veterinarian to tropical
livestock units (TLU) is 1 10,000 and 1
Veterinary Assistant (Para Professional) 2000
TLUS. - Delivery of livestock services affected by
structural reforms such as privatization,
commercialization, cost recovery on services and
decentralization. Emphasis on who benefits from
a service should pay - Impact of HIV/AIDS, retirements, resignations and
lack of a Human Resource Development strategy
compromise delivery of livestock services.
9- 3.0 The way forward for livestock services
delivery - In line with current agriculture extension policy
of pluralistic approach, delivery of livestock
services follows suit. - Restricted to core-functions of supervision,
production of improved livestock technologies,
monitoring and evaluation of livestock
development programmers.
10- 4.0 Livestock development constraints,
- challenges and opportunities
- 4.1 Unavailability of breeding stock
- Limited supply of quality breeding stock
- Limited private sector participation and
investment in livestock programmes - Limited supply of quality breeding stock
- Slaughter of immature, pregnant and breedable
stock
11- 4.2 Inadequate capacity
- Inadequate livestock delivery and
extension services - Inadequate human capacity at all levels
- HIV/AIDS pandemic impacts on livestock
services delivery. - Inadequate veterinary public health,
laboratory diagnostic and inspectorate services
- 4.3 Inadequate input supply
- Land pressure on grazing land
- Inadequate supply and high costs of feed,
drugs and other inputs - Undeveloped market systems for livestock and
livestock products
12- 4.4 Limited regulatory services
- Poor animal welfare
- Inadequate control and prevention of
production, notifiable and - trans-boundary animal diseases
- 4.5 Inadequate coordination and networking in
the livestock sub-sector - Limited collaboration among the various
livestock stakeholders - Weak livestock information system
13- 4.6 Some opportunities for the livestock
industry to expand - Presence of democratic government with
commitment to poverty reduction - New technologies development
- Integrated farming system of crop and
livestock - High demand for the livestock and livestock
products - Labor availability
- Freedom from major trade sensitive livestock
diseases - (TADs)
14- 5.0 The Southern African Development Community
(SADC) Perspective - 5.1 Current Status
- SADC region comprises Angola, Botswana,
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zambia and Zimbabwe. - Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy of
most of the SADC member countries and the
backbone of the livelihoods of their people - The region is well endowed with diverse natural
resources (Livestock, fisheries, wildlife etc.) - SADC region has a thriving livestock industry by
Sub Sahara African levels and livestock
production is one of its most important sources
of employment and income for the majority of its
people. - About 60 of the SADC population depends on
livestock
152002 Livestock Populations
16(No Transcript)
17- Livestock production fulfils many different and
essential functions in the economy of the poorest
families food (household consumption of milk,
meat and eggs), social (dowry, ceremonies, social
status), economic (monetarisation,
capitalization, savings, social insurance) and
agronomic functions (natural improvement of
soils). - An important and often the sole source of cash
income for many poor farmers in the region.
Cattle remain the principle source of non human
energy to poor farmers for ploughing,
transporting goods and drawing water. - Constitute an asset for investment and insurance
against crop failure.
18-
- Support crop production through draft power and
produce manure to maintain soil fertility. - Livestock represent about 30 to 40 of the
agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) in most
countries in the SADC region - Are a strategic part of the small farm economy
in the region. - Their social value in the livelihoods of rural
communities of the region, though not quantified,
is regarded as high. - There is an increasing demand for livestock and
livestock products in the region.
19- 5.2 Livestock Development constraints
- and Challenges
- Huge opportunity for (SADC) to contribute to the
satisfaction of the increasing demand for
livestock products throughout the world and for
livestock to serve as a pathway for poverty
alleviation in the region. - However, externalities such as sanitary and
phytosanitary (SPS) measures constitute a major
hindrance to both domestic and international
trade in livestock and livestock products - Among the SPS issues are infectious animal
diseases which impact significantly on market
access
20- This impact can occur in several ways
- - Health and productivity at the farm level
- - Disease/ infection transmission to other
animals at the market destination if the
livestock commodity (animal or product) is
infected by disease agents like Foot and
Mouth Disease (FMD), Contagious Bovine
Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) or African Swine Fever
(ASF) - - Direct effect on human health either on farm
or along the value chain e.g. Rift Valley
Fever, highly pathogenic Avian Influenza - - To human at market destination e.g.
brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis and - - Food safety, e.g. salmonella, chlamydia,
cysticercosis and botulism. - SPS measures influence incomes and the
expenditure levels of poor households consumption
patterns, productivity and supply of livestock
products domestic and international markets.