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Computer Network Construction

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Title: Computer Network Construction


1
Computer Network Construction
  • M. Sc. Juan Carlos Olivares Rojas

juancarlosolivares_at_hotmail.com jcolivar_at_itmorelia.
edu.mx http//antares.itmorelia.edu.mx/jcolivar/
2
Outline
  • Needs of Computer Networks
  • Criteria for Computer Networks
  • Computer Network Planning
  • Network Design
  • Hardware and Software Selection
  • Assembly of the Network
  • Network Applications
  • Internet Conections

3
Objectives
  • Construct a Computer Network Infrastructure using
    Structured Cabling Systems
  • Competences
  • Making cables
  • Installing devices
  • Setup Computer, Host and Devices
  • Computer Network Planning

4
Needs of Computer Networks
  • The first step in the construction of a Computer
    Network is the evaluation of what services must
    provide the network infraestructure.
  • The networks are diferent in homes, offices,
    enterprises, academic, etc.

5
Criteria for Computer Networks
  • Exist a lot of criteria for constructing a
    Computer Network such as
  • Transfer a lot of Data (Bandwith)
  • Communication of Long Distances (WAN)
  • Transfer data quickly (High Speed Networks)
  • Low cost (Ethernet)
  • Multiple users (Segmentation)

6
Computer Network Planning
  • The planning process in general is dificult.
  • Planning consist in three principal activities
  • Itinerary (Tasks, Subtask)
  • Estimation (Time, Cost and Assign Role)
  • Tracking (control)
  • Whats the problem?

7
Network Design
  • The main problem in the construction of a
    computer network is the network modelling but not
    since logical point of view. We need consider the
    physical view.
  • Its important to develop a plan design of
    network. We need to know how is the physical
    construction when the newtork will be implemented
    (We need the architectonic plan)

8
Activity
  • We need to construct a Computing Laboratory for
    this school in this classroom.
  • The needs and criteria are 25 PC (1 Server,
    Professor Machine), using Offimatic, Business,
    Languages and Mathematical Software.
  • Construct de the network planning and network
    design of this network.

9
Hardware and Software Selection
  • Its a process totally dependet of Network
    Budget.
  • We not spare cost in hardware infrastructure.
  • The cabling system have an aproximate duration of
    10 years (Actually We must construct using Cat 6
    UTP for Example)

10
Assembly of the Network
  • This process consist in the implementation and
    setup of hardware and software for the computer
    network infraestructure.
  • For these situation, we need to known and apply
    an Structured Cabling System.

11
Structured Cabling System
  • Components of Structured Cabling
  • Working Area
  • Horizontal Cabling
  • Backbone (Vertical) Cabling
  • Main Telecomunication Center
  • Intermedial Telecomunication Center
  • Incomming Services.

12
Structured Cable System
  • Planning of Structured
  • Electricity and Ground Conection Regulation
  • Solutions to drop voltages.
  • Security Normativity
  • Network Documentation
  • Logs
  • Diagrams.
  • Labeling Cables
  • Cable and Power Outlet Abstract
  • Devices, MAC and IP Addresses
  • Other resources

13
Cableado estructurado
  • Es una metodología para diseñar e instalar de
    manera adecuada redes de comunicación,
    particularmente, redes de computadoras.
  • Define más que una simple estructura o forma de
    realizar cableados de casas y empresas. Forma un
    estándar para simplificar las cosas. Se centra en
    la fase de planeación, instalación y expansión de
    la red.
  • Its called Layer 0

14
Whats the problem?
15
Safety Procedures
  • Safety is the primary concern.
  • General safety precautions, while working with
    network building materials - both electrical and
    construction.

16
Structured Cabling Systems
  • A Structured Cabling System is a cabling and
    connectivity products that integrates data,
    voice, video and various management system of a
    building

17
Benefits of Structured Cabling System
  • Redundancy at design stage reduces downtime
    repair time
  • Ease of fault location repair
  • Flexibility, expandability modular connecting
    platform
  • Ease of moves, adds and changes
  • Enhanced end-use understanding and control
  • Significant long term cost containment

18
Cable Distribution System
  • Cable Tray
  • Raised Floor
  • Conduit
  • Hung Ceiling / False Ceiling

19
Elements of a Structured Cabling System
Figure 1
Figure 1
20
Structured Cabling Components
21
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22
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23
Work Flow
  • installing outlets
  • installing jacks
  • running cables
  • punching cables into patch panels
  • testing cables
  • documenting cables

24
Work Flow (cont)
  • installing NICs
  • installing hubs, switches, bridges, and routers
  • configuring routers
  • installing and configuring PCs

25
Place Copper Wires into a Jack
26
Documenting Cable Runs
  • A cut sheet
  • is a rough diagram that shows the locations of
    the cable runs.
  • indicates the numbers of the classrooms, offices,
    or other rooms, to which the cables have been
    run.
  • to place corresponding numbers on all
    telecommunications outlets and at the patch panel
    in the wiring closet.

27
TIA/EIA-606 for Labeling Cables
  • Labeling
  • NO terms such as "Mr. Zimmerman's math class," or
    "Ms. Thome's art class".
  • incorporate room numbers in the label information
  • incorporate color coding
  • For example, a blue label might identify
    horizontal cabling at the wiring closet only,
    while a green label might identify cabling at the
    work area. 
  • mark the cable three times, approximately 60 cm
    apart
  • Allow enough cable for the ends to reach all the
    way to each jack location, plus enough excess or
    slack to reach the floor and extend another 60-90
    cm.
  • Do not cut the cables unless they have a label.

28
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29
mounting cables in raceway
  • decorative raceway
  • presents a more finished appearance
  • gutter raceway
  • a less attractive alternative to decorative
    raceway.
  • mounted with adhesive backing or with screws

30
SAFETY RULES
  • turn off power to all circuits that might pass
    through those work areas
  • Never, ever, touch power cables
  • learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in
    the area.
  • Long pants and sleeves help protect your arms and
    legs. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy
    clothing.

31
SAFETY RULES (cont)
  • protect your eyes with safety glasses
  • If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling
    area, survey the area.
  • Follow building safety codes

32
Supporting Horizontal Cables
  • wall-mounted gutter
  • tie-wraps
  • ladder rack
  • Tools
  • A telepole
  • is nothing more than a telescoping pole with a
    hook at one end to hold the cable.
  • is used to string cable across a dropped ceiling
    or attic quickly.
  • fishing cable
  • When you pull cable up through a wall, you
    ordinarily work from an attic or dropped ceiling
    space

33
Wiring Closets
  • the equipment in a wiring closet includes
  • patch panels
  • wiring hubs
  • bridges
  • switches
  • routers

34
Network Operating Test
  • The baseline
  • is a record of your network's starting point or
    newly installed performance capabilities.
  • Continue to test your network on a regular basis
    in order to ensure that it performs at its peak
  • A cable tester is a hand held device that can
    certify that cable meets the required IEEE and
    TIA/EIA standards.

35
Cable Tester
  • determine cable distance
  • locate bad connections
  • provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs
  • measure signal attenuation
  • measure near-end crosstalk 
  • detect split pairs 
  • perform noise level tests 
  • trace cable behind walls 

36
Cable Tester (Cont)
37
Conexión de cables
38
Jack
El jack es el componente femenino en un
dispositivo de red, toma de pared o panel de
conexión.
39
Jack
Para que la electricidad fluya entre el conector
y el jack, el orden de los hilos debe seguir el
código de colores T568A, o T568B recomendado en
los estándares EIA/TIA-568-B.1
40
Configuración
41
Conexión directa
  • Utilice cables de conexión directa para el
    siguiente cableado
  • Switch a router
  • Switch a PC o servidor
  • Hub a PC o servidor

42
Conexión Cruzada
  • Utilice cables de conexión cruzada para el
    siguiente cableado
  • Switch a switch
  • Switch a hub
  • Hub a hub
  • Router a router
  • PC a PC
  • Router a PC

43
CABLE TESTER.
44
We all have some ugly wiring
45
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
  • Labeling is a key to reduce work later

46
Fiber Optic Cable Construction
  • Fiber has bend radius issues

47
Fiber Optic Cable Construction
  • Leave slack loops

48
Cutting, Striping Crimping Tools
49
Punching Tool
50
Cabling Rules
  • Try to avoid running cables parallel to power
    cables.
  • Do not bend cables to less than four times the
    diameter of the cable.
  • If you bundle a group of cables together with
    cable ties (zip ties), do not over-cinch
    them. You should be able to turn the tie with
    fingers.
  • Keep cables away from devices which can introduce
    noise into them. Here's a short list copy
    machines, electric heaters, speakers, printers,
    TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding
    machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans,
    elevators, motors, electric ovens, dryers,
    washing machines, and shop equipment.
  • Avoid stretching UTP cables (tension when pulling
    cables should not exceed 25 LBS).
  • Do not run UTP cable outside of a building.  It
    presents a very dangerous lightning hazard!
  • Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables.  Use
    telephone wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are
    available at most hardware stores.

51
Standards
  • Exist a lot of normativity and best practices for
    the correct construction of cables
  • ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B
  • ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A
  • ANSI/TIA/EIA-607
  • ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A
  • ISO/IEC 11801

52
Subsystem of a Structured Cabling System
  • Horizontal Cabling
  • Cable from patch panel to work area
  • Telco outlets
  • Cable terminations
  • Cross-connections
  • One transition point
  • Maximum length 100 meters
  • 90 meters for cable
  • 10 meters for 2 patch cables

53
Cabling Subsystem cont.
  • Entrance Facility
  • Point in the building where cable interfaces with
    the outside world
  • May share the space with the equipment room

54
Structured Cabling in SOHO
55
IBM Cable Types
  • Type 1A
  • Type 2A
  • Type 3
  • Type 5
  • Type 6
  • Type 8
  • Type 9

56
IBM Data Connector
57
SEGMENTACIÓN
  • Existen dos razones principales para
    segmentar o dividir una LAN.
  • Aislar el tráfico entre segmentos.
  • Obtener más ancho de banda por usuario para crear
    dominios de colisiones pequeños.
  • Si no existiera la segmentación, las
    grandes redes LAN rápidamente serian invadidas
    por tráfico y colisiones, y provocaría
    virtualmente en falta de ancho de banda. Los
    dispositivos como bridges, switches y ruteadores
    segmentan la red LAN.

58
SEGMENTACIÓN
59
SEGMENTACIÓNBridge
  • Es usada la segmentación usando bridge para
    proporcionar mayor ancho de banda.
  • El bridge permite sólo la información que tienen
    destinación fuera del segmento.
  • Aprende una segmentación de red para construir
    tablas de direcciones que contienen las
    direcciones de cada dispositivo de red dentro del
    segmento.

60
SEGMENTACIÓNBridge
61
SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch
  • El propósito de la segmentación usando switch es
    que es fácil reducir los cuellos de botella de
    red.
  • Un switch segmenta una LAN dentro de
    microsegmentos.
  • El switch determina cual es la acción a tomar
    sobre la información si esta localizada en otro
    segmento, la información se transfiere o switchea
    a otra destinación.

62
SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch
63
SEGMENTACIÓNRouter
  • Los ruteadores crean los mayores niveles de
    segmentación debido a su habilidad de realizar
    determinaciones exactas de donde enviar la
    información al usar su tabla de ruteo.

64
SEGMENTACIÓNRouter
65
Network Applications
  • The network applications is the last past in the
    construction of computer networks.

66
Internet Conections
  • Actually conects to other networks is cruatil in
    many home and organizations specially with
    Internet.
  • We need to rent a contract with a Internet
    Service Provider to connect with remote networks.

67
References
  • Forouzan, B. (2008), Data Comunications and
    Networking, 4th. Edition, McGraw-Hill.
  • Tanenbaum, A (2004). Computer Networks. 4th
    Edition. Prentice Hall.
  • Kurose, J. and Ross, K. (2007) Computer
    Networking A Top Down Approach 4th edition.
    Addison-Wesley, July 2007.

68
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