Darfur is located in Sudan

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Darfur is located in Sudan
Represents frontier between the Arab world and
black Africa
For 10 years, Sudan has hardly seen peace
regularly dealing with crises
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Sudans population is one of the most diverse on
the African continent.

• Two distinct major cultures
• Arab
• Black African
• hundreds of ethnic and tribal subdivisions and
  language groups
  
• make effective collaboration a major political
  challenge

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Sudan proclaimed independence in 1956 from
Egypt and Britain
Series of unstable parliamentary governments
established
Fundamentalist Islamic law was instituted by
Major General Gaafar Mohamed Nimeiri in 1983
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Language
Religion
Ethnicity
Political Power
Influenced by the National Islamic Front and
southern rebels, and supported by the Sudan
Peoples Liberation Army, unending civil war
erupted between government forces.
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• A famine in the mid-1980s disrupted many societal
  structures
  
• Led to first significant fighting among people in
  Darfur
  
• Low level conflict continued for 15 years
• Government survived and armed "Arab" militias
  against its enemies

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The arid, mountainous soil is central to the
conflict between African farmers and Arab herders
There is an eternal fight for water, food, and
shelter
Below-normal rainfall and massive numbers of
displaced people have led to water shortages in
refugee camps
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• A secret group called Tajamu al Arabi
• (Arab Gathering) emerged in the
• Darfur region in the 1980s.

This group created tensions between Muslims and
Non-Arab Africans with violent attacks
against the Non-Arab Africans.
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• The mentality behind the conflict stems from the
  1960s and 1970s. The ideology of Arab supremacies
  grows in northern Africa.

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In 2003, the Non-Arab Africans combined forces to
protect themselves against the militia groups.
The Sudanese government became involved in the
1990s, funding militia groups who were carrying
out the attacks.
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• Capital Washington D.C.
• President George W. Bush
• Industries Oil, Steel, Chemicals, Aerospace,
  Food Process
  
• Natural Resources Coal, Copper, Lead, Gold,
  Iron, and Nickel
  
• Per Capita GDP 40,100
• Ethnic Groups White 75.1, Black 12.3, Hispanic
  12.5, Asian 3.6
  

• Capital Khartoum
• President General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir
• Industries Oil, Textiles, Cement, Sugar
• Natural Resources Oil, Iron Ore, Copper, Zinc
• Per Capita GDP 1,900
• Ethnic Groups Black 52, Arab 39

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• TV Sets 173/1000
• Newspaper 27/1000
• Internet 300,000
• Life Expectancy 57.3 male, 59.8 female
• Infant Mortality 62.5/1000
• Education mandatory ages 6-13
• Literacy 61.1

• TV Sets 844/1000
• Newspaper 212/1000
• Internet 161.6 million users
• Life Expectancy 74.9 male, 80.7 female
• Infant Mortality 6.5/1000
• Education mandatory 6-17
• Literacy 97

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The Janjaweed, a rebel militia group, contribute
to much of the violence in Sudan, which has
created over 2.5 million refugees
Target non-Islamic Sudanese
Mostly members of nomadic Arab tribes, long at
odds with settled African farmers in Darfur
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The refugees are going to have to move. Theres
going to be nothing here to sustain life.
- Palouma Ponlibae
Agriculture and Natural-Resources Officer for
CARE
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Before crisis