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United Nations: SOUTH AFRICA

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Title: United Nations: SOUTH AFRICA


1
United Nations SOUTH AFRICA
  • Case Study UN of Apartheid opposition in South
    Africa

2
APARTHEID
3
South Africa under Apartheid
  • National Party (NP) of South African government
    to permit legalized racial segregation
  • Occurred between 1948-1994
  • Arose out of Dutch and British colonialism
  • Classified people into groups
  • Black, White, Colored, and Asian
  • Opposition was beaten by police brutality and
    govt trial, torture, and censorship
  • Had the covert support of the US

4
Consequences of Apartheid
  • Blacks were stripped of citizenship
  • Blacks were forced towards the least economically
    productive areas
  • Govt segregated education, medical care, and
    other public standards

5
Apartheid Laws
  • Population Registration Act (1950)
  • Registration as either White, Black, Colored, or
    Asian
  • Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
  • Created separate government structures for black
    people
  • Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
  • Prohibited people of different races from using
    the same public amenities
  • Extension of University Education Act (1959)
  • Separation of universities

6
The United Nations
7
The UN Involvement
  • In 1966, the UN held the first of many
    colloquiums on apartheid
  • 21 March International Day for the Elimination
    of Racism
  • 1971 denounced the institution of homelands
  • 1974 motion to eject SA from UN (discarded)
  • UN did allow an economic sanction
  • 1968 deferral of all cultural, didactic, and
    supporting commerce
  • 1964 US and GB discontinue armaments to SA
  • 1977 voluntary UN arms embargo became mandatory
    with the passing of the UN Security Council
    Resolution 418

8
UN Campaigns
  • Disinvestment
  • Motion to put pressure of SAs apartheid system
  • Academic Boycott
  • Use of SA academic institutions and scholars to
    pressure apartheid

9
Legislation
  • UN Resolution 1961
  • Deemed apartheid against UN charter
  • UN SC Resolution 181 (1963)
  • Against arms build-up
  • Crime of Apartheid Convention (1973)
  • UN SC Resolution 418 (1977)
  • Comprehensive anti-Apartheid Act (1986)
  • US economic sanction against SA

10
Efficacy of UN
  • Last piece of legislation was in 1986
  • This was not to mention that conferences were
    held after this date
  • Yet, Apartheid continued in SA until 1994
  • Yet, SA only established its independence in 1990
    after the UN ended SAs longstanding occupation
    in Nambia
  • Give credibility as this was a global movement
  • Though, freedom from apartheid was mainly a
    domestic affair

11
ReferencesDetail of the Apartheid
12
Nelson Mandela
  • Anti-apartheid activist
  • Became the president of SA
  • Symbol of freedom and quality
  • Mandela brought voting to Blacks in SA
  • http//youtube.com/watch?vfPofm50MHW8
  • Video to show First Interview of Mandela on
    Apartheid

13
Biko
  • Song by Peter Gabriel
  • http//youtube.com/watch?vXNQuJm67OzE
  • Described Biko and his lifetime
  • Biko was a non-violent anti-apartheid activist
  • He founded the Black Consciousness Movement
  • Slogan Black is beautiful
  • man, you are as ok as you are, begin to look at
    yourself as a human being
  • Biko was arrested, beaten, and died in prison
    after he was arrested at a police roadblock

14
Soweto Riots
  • Series of clashes in Soweto, SA in 1976
  • A riot between the South African authorities and
    the Black Youth
  • Against the Nationalist govt and apartheid
  • June 16 Youth Day
  • Henry Kissinger did not come to SA because of
    these riots
  • ANC exiled SA to further intl and economic
    sanctions
  • http//youtube.com/watch?vd_kTeXz78Jk
  • Video on the Soweto Riots
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