Palestine

1
Palestine

• 101

Al-AQSA
2
WHERE IS PALESTINE?
3
MUSLIM RULE 638 C.E.-1917
Ottoman Empire1517 C.E.

• Conquered by Omar in 638 C.E.
• Crusaders take control in 1099
• Salahuddin liberates Palestine in 1187
• Ottoman Empire rules Palestine from 1517-1917

4
Britain and France Divide Middle East
5
ZIONISM

• 1882 1st Zionist colony, Pitakh Tikva,
  established in Palestine
• 1897 First Zionist Congress meets in Basel,
  Switzerland and sets goal of establishing Jewish
  state in biblical Zion, i.e. Palestine
• Uganda and Argentina were also considered as
  potential homelands
• Zionists were mainly socialists and agnostics who
  saw Jews as ethnic group needing refuge from
  European persecution
• Zionists offered to buy Palestine from Sultan
  Abdul Hamid

Theodore Hertzl
6
BRITISH RULE 1917-1948

• 1917 Britain takes control of Palestine
• Balfour Declaration issued supporting
  establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine
• Over 90 of population was Arab
• Another 5 Palestinian Jews, and remaining were
  Jewish immigrants
• 97.5 of land was owned by the Arabs
• British allowed tens of thousands of illegal
  Jewish immigrants enter Palestine

1917
7
1947 UN PARTITION PLAN

• 1947 U.N. Resolution 181 called for a division of
  Palestine with
• 55 for Jews
• 45 for Arab
• Population
• 33 Jewish (608,000)
• 67 Arab (1,237,000)
• Land Ownership
• 6.5 Jewish Owned
• 93.5 Arab Owned
• Most Zionists accepted
• Arabs rejected

8
1948 Al NAKBA (The Catastrophe)

• Jewish terror groups start campaign to ethnically
  cleanse Palestine
• Great Britain gives up control
• May 14th, David Ben Gurion declares independence
  of Israel
• Over 500 Palestinian towns and villages were
  destroyed, and around 800,000 became refugees
• Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia
  sent troops to protect Palestinians, but combined
  they were outnumbered and out gunned by the
  modern Zionist army War ended in 1949 with Israel
  sitting on 78of Palestine, including West
  Jerusalem
• Egypt took control of Gaza Strip, and Jordan took
  control of West Bank, including East Jerusalem
• UN passes resolution 194 calling for Israel to
  allow refugees to return

9
1967 OCCUPATION AND RESISTANCE

• Israel invades Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and
  occupies the West Bank, including E. Jerusalem,
  and the Gaza Strip
• In six days, Israeli-controlled territory
  increases by 500
• Also occupied the Golan Heights from Syria and
  the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt
• Another 400,000 Palestinians become refugees
• Israel starts building Jewish-only settlements
  in occupied territories on confiscated Arab land
• UN passes resolution 242 calling for Israel to
  withdraw from occupied territories

10
ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS ON PALESTINIAN LAND
Jabal Abu Ghnaim in Jerusalem
11
1987 1ST INTIFADA

• Murdering of Palestinian workers waiting in line
  at Gaza checkpoint on December 8th, sparked riots
• Rioting spread, and an Intifada was declared
• CNN footage of rocks vs. tanks changed world
  opinion in favor of Palestinians
• Gaza was sealed off from the rest of the
  territory
• Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin issued a break
  their bones policy to stop Intifada
• October 8, 1990, IDF storms Al Aqsa, killing over
  20 worshippers and wounding 850

12
THE PEACE PROCESS

• After 2 years of open and secret negotiations,
  PLO and Israel sign Declaration of Principle
• PLO was allowed to have limited self-government
  in major urban areas
• Palestinian police was designed to provide Israel
  with security
• Final-status negotiations were supposed to take
  place after 5 years
• Many Palestinians, even some peace negotiators,
  objected to what they saw was an unfair agreement
• Israel was supposed to freeze settlement
  expansions, but instead built them faster than
  ever

13
AL AQSA INTIFADA

• September 28, 2000, Sharon enters Al Aqsa
  compound to demonstrate Israeli control
• Palestinians demonstrate next day, half a dozen
  are killed after jumaah at Al Aqsa mosque
• Al Aqsa Intifada is declared by Palestinian
  resistance groups
• Rocks are traded for guns
• Israel uses F-16s and tanks to quell the uprising
• Israel carries out targeted assassinations of
  military AND political leaders of the resistance
• Cities run by the PA are re-invaded by IDF
• Yasser Arafat besieged by IDF for 2 years until
  his death in 2004

14
A Look at the Israeli Barrier from Space
West Bank City of Qalqilya
15
The Israeli Barrier on the Ground
The pictures above are of the wall in Bethlehem
16
The Israeli Barrier on the Ground
17
The Israeli Barrier
18
The Numbers Game
Number of Dead in 5 Years of Intifada
Fighting From September 29, 2000 to December 11,
2005
294,042
Sources Middle East Policy Council, CIA
Factbook, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
19
THE END