Changes to the World System 16481989

1
Changes to the World System1648-1989
2
Pope Leo III Crowns Charles (Charlemagne) 800AD
3
Napoleon Crowns Himself 1804
4
A Brief Timeline

• Imperialism becomes trendy (1400 to 1900)
• Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
• religious denominations entitled to equal rights
• medieval idea of the unity of western
  Christianity abandoned
  
• replaced with sovereign states with equal rights
  
  

5
(No Transcript)
6
1500-1800 world civilizations
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Classical balance of power system Europe
1648-1789

• Decentralized system
• Commitment to preserve state system/ avoid
  hegemony
  
• Small number of relatively equal powers
• Authoritarian governments free of domestic
  constraints
  
• Shared culture of Christianity
• Flexible, non-ideological wartime alliances

12
The Old Order Crumbles

• American Revolution and Rise of Liberalism,
  Anti-colonialism
  
• French Revolution and the Rise of Nationalism and
  Liberalism
  
• Napoleonic Wars (1804-15) and the
  end of the balance of power
  

13
The impact of economic, social and political
changes

• nationalism
• Latin American decolonization, 1805-25
• Norwegian independence, 1814
• Serbian autonomy, 1815
• Greek independence, 1829
• France and the July Monarchy 1830
• Belgian independence, 1832
• Egyptian autonomy, 1841
• Italian unification, 1859-70
• Meiji Restoration, 1868
• German unification, 1871

14
Additional Impacts

• industrialization
• urbanization
• conservatism v. liberalism v. socialism
• role of government
• desire for equity
• WWI and WWII
• expanding governance beyond the nation state
• Collapse of Empires
• Ottoman (1923)
• Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918)
• Qing Dynasty (1912)

15
Colonialism recedes (1960s-1970s)
16
Cold War and rise of alliances (1945-1989)
17
Waves of Democracy
18
(No Transcript)
19
1902
1997
20
How do we explain these changes?
21
Fall of the Soviet Union (1989)

• dissolution of bipolar world
• shift from focus on military
• world order focuses on economic power and
  division
  

22
Economic Power
Military Power
Both economic and military power
ca. 2000
23
Divisions

• Post-WWII 1st/ 2nd/ 3rd world
• Modern
• More developed countries vs. Less developed
  countries
  
• North/ South divide
• Based on?
• Economic and political development

24
(No Transcript)
25
Future trends

• Globalization
• McWorld
• Integration
• Regionalism
• security
• Trade
• New Issues
• Sovereignty
• Soft Issues
• (environment,
• human rights)

26
Lasting Post-Westphalian Notions

• Sovereignty
• Interstate
• Intrastate
• No moral wars
• Collective security
• Christianity?