The ALS:

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• The ALS
• Progress and Prospects
• 2007 Users Meeting
• October 4, 2007
• Roger Falcone

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Our Mission

• Support users
• in doing outstanding science
• in a safe environment

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Gary Krebs ALS User Services Group Leader
19432007
Remembering Gary Krebs 1125 Friday
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Major organizational changes

• 6 new beamline scientists hired
• ESH Manager - welcome Jim Floyd
• Group Leader for User Services - welcome Susan
  Bailey
• Division Deputy for Engineering - welcome Peter
  Denes
• accelerator and floor operators working in
  collaboration
• Thanks to increased budgets in FY07!

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ALS Organization
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Safety Roles and Responsibilities
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General User Proposals continue to increase
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ALS Beamlines 2007
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Delivered User Hours

FY07 includes planned shutdowns for major
upgrades that enable new capabilities
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Delivered Instrument Hours
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Users Served / Delivered Instrument Hours
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(No Transcript)
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Demolished Building 10 space for User Support
Building
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ALS User Support Building
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ALS User Support Building
Groundbreaking Ceremony 1215 today
Ready by 2009
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Berkeley Lab Guest House
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Berkeley Lab Guest House
Groundbreaking Ceremony 1200 friday
Ready by 2009
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Looking forward to the future of the ALS

• Operate safely (seismic program, staffing,
  training)
• Increase staff at beamlines and in operations,
  and support them
• Increase laboratory capability for users (USB)
• Proceed towards goals in Strategic Plan
• Develop resources for Wave One
• Build momentum for Waves Two and Three
• Analyze needs and options beyond current vision
• Utilize resources to support science
• Replace aging infrastructure
• to ensure operations and increase productivity
• klystron, beamline optics, control and interlock
  systems
• - Address broader needs
• Increased brightness and flux
• Enhanced metrology and detectors
• New insertion devices (utilize half-straight
  sections)

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ALS Status

• Improvements in FY07
• Planned upgrades
• Planning for renewal

• Details in Operations Update Session 305 (Dave
  Robin)

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ALS Upgrades
RF System Upgrade
Quasi-Periodic Undulator for MERLIN
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Status of the Klystron Upgrade
Provide a robust RF system for next 20 years

• We received funding from BES
• to begin klystron replacement project!
• Scope and Schedule
• Replace Klystron with 4 Inductive Output Tubes
  Spring 2009
• Upgrade Low Level RF Control System Spring
  2010/2011
• Power RF Cavities with independent RF Sources
  Spring 2011

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MERLIN Quasi Periodic Undulator

• Most complicated insertion device to be installed
  at the ALS
• Quasi Periodic for spectral purity
• Elliptically Polarizing
• Challenges
• Beam Dynamics
• Machine Protection
• Status
• Fully Assembled
• Installed First Set of Shims for Dynamics
  Correction
• Installation Plan
• Begin end of Oct 2007
• Complete first week of Jan 2008

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MERLIN meV-resolution beamline

• Specifications
• Resolving power E/?E 100,000 1 meV when
  photon energy below 100 eV
• Photon energy range 8eV to 150eV
• Quasi-periodic Elliptically Polarized Undulador
  (EPU)
• Photon Flux 5 ?1011 photons/s/meV for high
  resolution gratings

Optical layout
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Top-off Project

• Top-off mode yields quasi-continuous current
• - increases in brightness and stability
• Requires upgrade of injector
• - components operational
• Requires radiation safety effort
• - April review of tracking studies
• with reps from APS, ESRF,
• SOLEIL, DIAMOND, and NSLS
• We believe that ALS has provided a reliable
  approach to identify all unsafe conditions. They
  are now in a position to proceed with the
  analysis of all of their beam lines.
• - need to complete radiation safety analysis and
  upgrade safety systems

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Injector Upgrade

• Largest upgrade to accelerator since initial ops
• - components installed Fall 06/Spring 07
  shutdowns
• - operating now with new equipment
• - problems with control of booster bend power
  supply has delayed operation at full energy
• - full energy operation by end of 2007

New RF System
New Power Supplies
Upgraded Pulsed Magnet Systems
New Controls
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Additional Lattice Upgrade

• Brightness increases possible with modified
  lattice structure
• 3x brightness for central bend and Superbend
  beamlines
• 2x brightness for soft x-ray beamlines
• emittance as low as any existing light source
• Additional benefits short pulses
• 500 MHz ps pulses (at reduced currents)
• Coherent THz radiation
• Relatively inexpensive, low risk, short
  installation time
• Hear more at the Friday Workshop
• Beyond Top-off Opportunities for Improved ALS
  Performance

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Controlling Matter and Energy Five Challenges
for Science and the Imagination
Long Term Planning Next Generation Sources

• Graham Fleming and Mark Ratner
• September 20, 2007

Hear more at Joint ALS-MF Science Highlights
145 Grand Challenges for Basic Energy
Sciences Graham Fleming, Berkeley Lab
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Long Term Planning Next Generation Sources
LBNL workshops on Science for a New Class of
Soft X-ray Light Sources
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Scientific highlights
For more highlights see
http//www-als.lbl.gov/als/actrep/
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Photoemission Electron Microscopy PEEM
ALS PEEM allows measurements of composition,
chemistry, and magnetic properties of surfaces
and thin films at nanometer spatial and
picosecond temporal resolution
X-rays with polarization control
Electron optic column
CCD
Sample
Examples
Sub 100 nm size magnetic pillars in a
ferroelectric matrix T. Zhao et al., Appl. Phys.
Lett. 90, 123104 (2007)
Protein adsorption on two segregated polymers C.
Morin et al., JESRP 137-140, 785 (2004).
Magnetic phase transition in Fe Y. Wu et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 117205 (2004)
Vortex dynamics S.B. Choe et al., ALS, Science
304, 420 (2004)
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PEEM Example Multiferroics
BiFeO3 Room-temperature ferroelectric
antiferromagnet
Piezo-Force Microscopy Ferroelectricity
Photoemission Electron Microscopy using X-ray
Linear Dichroism Magnetism, Lattice Distortion
Shows coupling between ferroelectric magnetic
structure Temperature-dependent data implies 50
of contrast is of magnetic origin
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PEEM Facility Upgrades
PEEM 2 PEEM 2.5 PEEM 3
(aberration 1997 Now 2008
corrected) Operating resolution 50 nm
25 nm 5 nm Beamline Bending
magnet Elliptical Polarized Insertion Device
BL 7.3.1 BL 11.0.1 (flux
density x 1000) Energy resolution 1000 gt3000 Po
larization options Left/right/linear Full
polarization control Sample environment gt RT
50 K - 1000
K Operation Manual Fully
motorized - automated sample transfer
PEEM2 end station
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PEEM 2.5 on EPU Beamline 11.0.1
Resolution Test sample from CXRO
First Experiments on PEEM2.5 April 2007
Low temperature magnetic images _at_ 130 K of
LaMnO3 T.Tyson, NJ Inst. of Techn.
PEEM 2 600 sec exposure, 50 nm
resolution PEEM 2.5 20 sec exposure, 25 nm
resolution PEEM 3 (2008) with aberration
correction 5 nm resolution
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Substrate induced band-gap in graphene
graphene
graphene
substrate- SiC
p
p
EED
p
p
Semiconducting graphene enabling next
generation nanoelectronics
S. Y. Zhou et al. Nature Materials (2007),
Nature Physics (2006)
Lanzaras group UCB, LBNL
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Nanoswitch in graphene
A bilayer of graphene can switch 108 A/cm2 in
less than 1 nm thickness
gapped
ungapped
ARPES measurements validated concept by
demonstrating control over the current-carrying
electronic states.
Ohta et al, Science 313,951-954 (2006) Data taken
at the Electronic Structure Factory, BL7,
Rotenberg et al
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 Steps Toward Hydrogen Vehicles

• Characterize new materials
• Carbon nanotubes for storing hydrogen. safely,
  efficiently and compactly
• DOE Freedom CAR program has set the goal of a
  material that can hold 6 of the total weight in
  hydrogen by the year 2010
• Theoretical calculations indicate nanotubes may
  exceed these goals substantially

Nikitin et. al., Phys Rev Lett. 95, 225507 (2005)
Funded by DOE, NSF and Global Climate and Energy
Project (alliance of scientific researchers and
leading companies in the private sector,
including ExxonMobil, General Electric and
Schlumberger)
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Fuel Cell - Schematic
LOAD
e-
e-
Cathode
Anode
O2


H2



H2O
Proton Exchange Membrane
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Breakthrough Research For Fuel Cells
Hydrogen powered fuel cells for automotives are
clean and efficient Discovery of a unique
platinum-nickel alloy represents a breakthrough
in catalyst research It is 90 times more active
than state-of-the-art platinum catalysts
currently used
Argonne and Berkeley National Labs U. South
Carolina
(top) In standard Pt catalysts absorption of
oxygen on the surface is hindered by the binding
of other molecules, such as OH. (bottom) The
nickel atoms change the surface properties such
that OH cannot bind as well, leaving room for
oxygen.
Science 315 Jan 2007
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Photoemission Research at Beamline 12.0.1
La2-2xSr12xMn2O7 NaxCoO2
Exploring electronic structure of doped oxide
perovskites Materials tailored to enhance their
rare properties
A. Colossal magneto-resistance materials
A local metallic state in globally insulating
La1.24Sr1.76Mn2O7 well above the metal insulator
transition
Z. Sun et al., Nature Phys 3, 248 Phys. Rev.
Lett. 97, 056401
B. High thermopower Cobalt Oxides
Complete d-band dispersion relation in Sodium
doped Cobalt Oxides NaxCoO2
D. Qian et al.,Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 46407 96,
216405 97, 186405
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Photoelectron Emission from Diamondoid-thiol SAMs
Self Assembled Monolayer
Diamondoid (C22H26-SH) (5 X more effective
than diamond)
Diamond
Diamondoid

• Potential Applications
• Flat Panel Displays
• Electron Microscopy / lithography
• Photocathode for next generation Free Electron
  Laser
• Robust Molecules
• Further studies
• needed for stabilizing
• diamondoid/metal
• interfaces.

ALS hn 55eV
Wanli Yang, Zahid Hussain, ZhiXun Shen, et al.
Science 2007
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Size Dependent Electronic Structure of Co
Nanoparticles with Ligand Molecules
Cell for photon-in/photon-out studies of clusters
in gas or liquid environments
Photon-out
Photon-in
100 nm thick SiN membrane
Nanoparticle suspension
FPM O-ring
RIXS _at_ hv 778.4 eV
Cobalt 2p3/2 XAS
Energy Loss (eV)
Cluster size
Bulk
Co
9 nm
6 nm
5 nm
4 nm
e-
3 nm
Co
Co to Ligand transition
d-d transition
Co2p3/2 to ligand transition
Co3d to ligand transition
Nano Letters 7, 1919 (2007)

• Surfactant Oleic Acid, C18H34O2
  CH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7CO2H
• Solvent Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2

P. Alivisatos M. Salmeron (MF), J. Guo (BL7,
ALS)
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Magnetization Dynamics of Fe/Gd using x-ray
streak camera at BL11 and BL4
Streaked XMCD Image
Fully demagnetize Fe/Gd in 1-2 ps
A. Bartel, et al App.Phys.Lett., 90(2007)162503
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ALS Dectector Program Why ALS? Why LBNL?
Needs
Microsystems Laboratory
2000 Workshop

• Demonstrated unique capabilities for complex
  imaging systems (ATLAS, SNAP, )
• Microelectronics
• Solid state detectors
• Leverage and propagate expertise in different
  areas (high-energy physics, nuclear physics,
  materials science and biology) via Engineering
  Division
• Timely BES Detector and Accelerator RD
  Initiative
• Detector needs? Please participate in the
  Detector Workshop

2005 Workshop
ESRF detectors are generally recognised as the
weak link in the modern use of SR
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Detector Challenges
Fast imaging with high dynamic range What weve
done Develop a Fast CCD (parallel readout) with
companion readout chip
Fast imaging with high dynamic range What were
doing RD on Silicon-on-Insulator pixels
0.15 µm SOI 10 µm pixels
(LDRD FY08- 250k/yr)
30 µm pixels, 5 ms to read out 1 MPix visible
light or direct detection (?10 keV)
What we plan to do Time-stamping pixels
(speckle) RD on avalanche photodiode arrays
(LDRD FY05-07 540k/yr)
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New Infrared Beamline 5.4

• funded in 2007 by DOE/BER
• currently being engineered
• emphasis is Biology Environmental Science
• FTIR Spectromicroscopy
• ALS, Life Science, Earth Science Physical
  Biosciences Divisions

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New Infrared Beamline 5.4
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Conclusions

• We are grateful to DOE for continuing support
• The ALS continues to grow and will remain a
  premier facility
• We have ambitious plans for both renewal and
  upgrades
• - Planning for Sector 7 (COSMIC and
  MAESTRO) moving forward
• Safety, staffing, and frontier science remain our
  top priorities
• The ALS and its user community should be very
  proud