AMR

1
AMR
Automatic Meter Reader

• By
• Power Communication Systems (PCS, Inc.)

2
Team Members
1Advisor
Dr. Noel Schulz
The Fierce-some Four-some
Members Daven Carter, Marc Lewis, Samuel
Jefferson III Team Leader Derrick Cherry
3
Problem
The existing automatic meter reading systems used
to monitor power usage are extremely expensive.

• Costly Installation
• Costly Communication Techniques

• The conventional meter reading systems are
  expensive to maintain and lack competitive
  qualities.
• lack accessibility in bad weather conditions
• Do not optimize network
• Costly to read
• Lack security tactics

4
AMR Benefits

• Lower cost
• Increase revenues
• Decrease installation time
• Reduce the amount of installed equipment
• Increase Readings
• Decrease Tamperings
• Optimize Network (Create Competitive Advantage)

5
Block Diagram
Comparator
Hex Schmitt-Trigger Inverter
Infrared Sensor
Meter
Amp
PIC
Wireless Communication Module
PC
6
AMRHardware Components
Comparator
PIC w/ built-in A/D Converter
Creatalink 2XT Module (Motorola)
Infrared Sensor
PC
Meter
7
Cost

• PIC 4.00
• Board 5.00
• Reflective PhotoSensor .50
• Batteries 2.00
• Creatalink 90.00
• Miscellaneous 10.00
• Total 111.50 For each Device

8
Design Requirements

• 1.  AC Voltage The system will be powered by the
  220 VAC service entering the power meter.
•  
• 2. Emission The infrared emitter/detector must
  be at a distance of 1 cm away from the disk in
  order for the proper amount of light power to be
  detected by the phototransistor.
•  
• 3. Performance The system will detect 97
  correct events at 16 RPM under normal operational
  conditions.

9
Design Requirements (cont.)

• 4. Signal Quality of Input to Transducer The
  output of the sensor must be filtered in order
  for the modulated 40 kHz signal so that the SNR
  will be at least 16 dB.
• 5. Interface Between PIC and Wireless Board The
  PIC and the Creatalink will be interfaced using
  three-wire RS232 Serial Communication protocol.
  The flow control between the two devices will be
  a software addition to the PIC.
•  
• 6. Durability This device must operate at the
  temperature range of -30? to 85? C. It must be
  protected against 1000 surges of 3000 A. It must
  also be waterproof and rust proof for up to 1
  year per application of an anticorrosive
  chemical.

10
Design Requirements (cont.)

•   7. Packaging Our device will be around 3 ½ x
  1.5 inches and will be retrofitted into the case
  that holds existing watt meters, which has a
  circular area of 19.5 in².
•  
• 8. Battery Back Up Battery back up must be able
  to comply with the typical annual time of outages
  for most utilities 2.08 hours
•  
• 9. Cost Typical AMR-related savings can be
  anywhere from 200 to 400 per meter per year,
  depending upon utility size, geography, labor
  rates, and meter accessibility
• 10. Longevity The retrofit device has a
  lifetime
• expectancy of 25 years

11
Design Requirements for Prototype

• Emission
• Performance
• Signal Quality of Input to Transducer

12
Emission

• Infrared emitter/detector
• Distance
• 1 cm from the disk
• Why?
• So that the proper amount of light power be
• detected by the phototransistor.

13
Distance
14
Performance

• Detect 97 correct events at 16 RPM under normal
  operational conditions.

15
Signal Quality Input

• Output filtered for the modulated 40 kHz signal
• The SNR will be at least 16 dB.

16
Sensor reflecting off of disk
Light being detected by sensor
17
Sensor reflecting off black strip of disk
18
Transmissive light being detected through hole of
the disk
19
Trasmissive light being blocked by disk
20
Circuit(Transducer)
21
PIC Programming(ASM language)

• Power Consumption
• Outages
• Time of use

22
Circuit (PIC Displays)
23
The Creatalink(Self- Addressing)

• Operating Frequency 929-932 MHz
• Transmit Data Bits Rate 1600, 3200, 6400 bps
• Operating Temps 5 to 40 C
• Physical Dimensions 56mm(L) x 20mm(W) x 12mm (H)
• Supply voltage 1.2 1.5 Vdc 3.1 Vdc /-100 mV
• Interface 14 pin connector, universal SMT

24
Test Simulations

• Pspice
• Design and Simulate Transducer Circuit
• Analyze voltage and Frequency Control
• Oscilliscope
• Test Signal Quality
• PIC Programmer
• Program PIC in Assembly
• Mechanical
  
• Design and Simulate Rotating Disc

25
Demonstration
26
Summary

• Our solution is less expensive and
• quicker to install than alternatives.

Our system offers comparable control and
reporting capabilities as the competition.
Our system is more appealing to small utilities.
27
Acknowledgements

• Advising
• Dr. Noel Schulz Mississippi State University
• Assistance
• Dr. Randy Follett- Mississippi State University
• Dr. Roger King Mississippi State University
• Dr. Joseph Picone Mississippi State University
• Dr. Robert Reese- Mississippi State University
• Dr. Charles Nunnally- Virginia Tech University
• Dr. Ray Winton- Mississippi State University
• Mr. Bill Echols SkyTel
• Mr. Odie McHann Mississippi State University
• ABB Meter Manufacturer

28
References
1 Bimal K. Base, Energy, Environment, and
Advances in Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions
on Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.
688-701, July 2000.   2 A. Cohen, Computers in
use by Country, Sales and Marketing Management,
Vol. 150, No. 3, p.14, March 1998.   3 C.
Brown, Home Smart Home, Black Enterprise, Vol.
27, No. 8, pp. 87-89, March 1997.   4 M.
Shwehdi, A Power Line Data Communications
Interface Using Spread Spectrum Technology In
Home Automation, IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 1232-1237, July
1996.   5 J. Douglas, The Future of Metering,
EPRI Journal, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp 19-23,
March/April 1998.
29
References (cont.)
6 Tom D. Tamarkin, Automatic Meter Reading,
Public Power, Vol. 50, No. 5, September October
1992.   7 R.C. Lanphier, Electric Meter History
and Progress, Sangamo Electric Company,
Springfield, Illinois, 1925.   8 Friese, Three
utilities announce AMR deployments, Electric
Light and Power, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1998.   9
J. Newbury and W. Miller, Potential Metering
Communications Services Using Public Internet,
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14,
No.4, October 1999.   10 A.J. Baldwin and N.G.
Planer, Evaluation of Electrical Interference to
Induction Watt-hour Meter, Honewell Inc.,
Roseville, Minnesota 1982.
30
References (cont.)
11 Rochelle A. Fischer, Aaron S. Laakonen, and
Noel N. Schulz, A General Polling Algorithm
Using a Wireless AMR System for Restoration
Confirmation, IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, May 2001.   12 Krishna
Sridharan and Noel N. Schulz, Outage Management
through AMR Systems Using an Intelligent Data
Filter, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.
16, No. 2, May 2001.   14 Bruce A. McKenzie and
Gerald L. Zachariah, Understanding and Using
Electricity, Interstate Printers Publishers,
Inc., Danville, Illinois, 1982.