Title: SYRIAN ARAB REBUPLEC REPORT Vector Control Interventions Intersectoral coordination Status of obsole
1SYRIAN ARAB REBUPLEC REPORT Vector Control
Interventions Intersectoral coordinationStatus
of obsolete stocksDr. Atef Al Tawil
(MOH).Eng. Ayman Al Khatib (MOH).Eng. Shagaf Al
Nahawi (MOLAE).Mrs. Mayada Sheikh Al Hadadin
(MOA).First Regional Meeting Of The Global
Enviromental Facility (GEF) Supported Countries
In The Eastern Mediterranean Region.MUSCAT,
OMAN, 6-8 MARCH 2006.
2Malaria Other Parasitic Diseases Dept.
- 1- Leishmania
- Three different types of Leishmaniasis occur
in Syria - Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL).
- Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL).
- Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis (ZVL).
- 2- Malaria
- Indigenous Malaria (Vivax).
- Imported Malaria (Falciparum,Vivax, Ovale
and Malarie). -
- 3- Schistosomiasis
- (Indigenous Imported).
3Epidemiological situation of Leishmaniasis in
Syria
-
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered,
at present, a big health problem, because of its
rapid spreading from two focused areas (Aleppo
and Euphrates plain ) before 1960 into eight
provinces (wide distribution). - 1- ACL (L. Tropica )
- - Main L. problem, 85 of CL belong to this
form. - - Main infected provinces are
- - Aleppo and Edlib (northwestern).
- - Lattakia and Tartous (coastal region).
- - Hama and rural Damascus (intermediate).
- Vector is Ph. Sergenti.
- Parasite is L. Tropica Mon 76.
- Reservoirs are Patients.
-
4- 2- ZCL ( L. Major )
- - 15 of C L.
- - Less indemicity in (Rural Dams, Deir Ezzour
and Al Hasakeh). - - Parasite is L. Major Mon 26.
- - Vector is Ph. Papatasi.
- - Reservoirs are Psammomys obesus, Meriones and
Nesokia indicas. - 3- ZVL (L. Infantum)
- - The total reported cases is very low.
- - It is distributed in villages of 4 provinces
- (Edlib, Latakia, Aleppo and Daraa).
- - Parasite is L. Infantum Mon -1.
- - Vector is Ph. Tobbi.
- - Reservoirs are stray dogs.
5Geographical distribution of CL ( 2005)
AL Hasakeh
Aleppo
AL Raqqa
Edlib
Latakia
Hama
Deir Ezzor
Tartus
Homs
- ???? ?????? ???? lt ?? 01
-
Damascus
1-5 o
???? ?????? ????? 0.5 0.1
Rural Damascus
AL Qunaitera
0.5 1 o
???? ?????? ????? gt 0.5
AL Sweida
Daraa
lt 0.5 o 0
6No. of reported cases of CL in Syria (1995 2005)
7No. of reported CL cases of Provinces (2005)
8No. of reported ZVL cases in Syria (1995 2005).
9- Epidemiological situation of Malaria in Syria
- Malaria (indigenous imported)
- UP to the 1950, malaria was endemic throughout
the country (100 000 cases). -
- An eradication programme led to an interruption
of transmission during 1960s -
- - The maximum incidence of indigenous malaria
was recorded in 1993 (961 cases) - especially in AL Hasakeh and Aleppo provinces
bordering Turkey Iraq. - Malaria vectors are 4 species of 9 species found
in Syria. - - Primary malaria vector is Sacharovi and
secondary malaria vector is Claviger. - No indigenous malaria case was reported during
2005. - - Two deaths from 28 imported malaria cases
during 2005.
10Fig(1) Distribution of indigenous imported
malaria cases in Syria according to years (
2000 2004 ).
Distribution of indigenous imported Malaria
cases in Syria according to years (1996 2005).
11- Epidemiological situation of Schistosomiasis in
Syria - Schistosomiasis
- - Schistosomiasis isn't essentially endemic in
Syria, the old foci were in the northeastern
provinces bordering Turkey and Iraq along Belikh
and Euphrates rivers during the Second World War. - - The Total No. of positive cases ranged between
2444 cases in 1987 to 433 cases in 1993 to only 1
case in 2004. - - Host intermediate is Bulinus Truncatus.
- - Five cases were reported during 2005 in AL
Raqqa province .
12No. of positive Schistosomiasis cases (1993-2005)
13Vector Control Plan of MOH
- 1- Early active and negative case detection.
- 2- Diagnosis and Treatment.
- 3- Vector control (chemical and biological) .
- 4- Training.
- 5- Cooperation and coordination with other
concerned sections - and authorities.
- 6- Health education and community participation.
- 7- Environmental re-formance.
141-Early active case detection Through
conducting surveillance in highly endemic areas
and case close-contacted
individuals and school children. 2- Negative
case detectionUnknown high fever, travelers
coming from endemic areas, skin lesions and
haematuria. 3-Laboratory diagnosis treatment
It is conducted in specialized centers concerned
in diagnosis and treatment, till complete cure is
achieved, free of charge.Treatment depends on WHO
protocols.
Activities
154-Vector control (chemical and biological)
including - Spraying of houses with residual
insecticides throughout two insecticides
spray campaigns, using various kind of
insecticides belong to Organophosphor (OP) or
Pyrethroids (P). Recently we used Carbamate
(WP), monitoring and evaluation. - Chemical
larviciding (Temephos), every 7-10 days, it
begins from 1st of April to the 1st of
November. - Application of mollusicide ( 70 )
Bayluscide. - Biological control (Gambusia fish
planting). 5-Using insecticide treated nets (
4000 INTs -Malaria). 6- Health education and
community participation.7- Cooperation and
coordination with other concerned sections
and authorities (MOA, MOE, MOLAE, Police, Army,..
.)8- Environment re-formance and management.
16 Usage of Pesticides in Syria Historically
- During the step of Malaria eradication program
between - 1955 - 1970 the only pesticide have been used
to control malaria vectors was DDT 75 WP. - It was supplied by WHO and used in all over the
country. - 200 tons at lest were used every year.
- - We stopped importation of DDT in 1976 but
still used until 1980 when we started used (OP or
P) compounds. - - C compound using started in 1992.
17Pesticides used for public health purposes in
Syria.
- According to the government instructions there
are two main - authorities responsible to deal with
pesticides MOA and MOH. - They are responsible of all affaires of
pesticides - except the importation.
18- Pesticides for public health purposes in Syria
are used by -
- 1- Private sector as household pesticides to
control - (flies,
cockroaches, rodents, etc). - - Annual quantities consumption by this
sector are estimated at 700 tons. - - 70 are crawling insecticides products
of TP formulations at low - concentrations of a.i .
- - 15 r. of anticoagulants ready bait .
- - 12 i. of EC formulation products.
- - 3 i. of ULV or thermal fog products .
- 2- Public Sector by two main authorities
- - MOH to control vectors of Malaria, Leishmania
and Schistosomiasis - in epidemic areas 40 tons / year.
- MOLAE to control pests and insects harmful to
public health in all - over the country by municipalities workers 200
tons / year.
19Sources of Pesticides Before 1996 all of the
countrys needs of pesticides used in Public
Health field were imported from well-known
international companies after they tested and
approved by the technical committee of
pesticides. In 2005 sources of 75-90 of our
needs became from local formulators, a.i still
imported from adopted companies.
20Types and Formulations used in P.H field
- 75 Pyrethriode compounds ( cypermethrin 25
- alpha-cypermethrin 10 deltamethrin 5 ).
- - 15 OP compounds( chlorpyrefos- methyl 40).
- 10 C compounds (bendiocarb 80 )
- 80 were in EC formulations, 20 WP.
- Because of the system of tender and the
economical factors we - can not choose the pesticides witch we prefer.
21Our urgent needs
- Changing the method of the supply of
pesticides. - New evaluation of pesticides (the last
susceptibility test was in 1994. - Training for personal who deal with pesticides
and vector control at all levels .
22 Pesticide Management in Syria
- 1-Legislations and regulations
- Pesticide registration, Trade, handling and
monitoring in Syria are regulated by - - Decree 1 of 1982 (MOH ).
- - Decree 2206 of 1991(MOA).
- - Decree 18 of 2002 (MOA).
- - Decree 64 of 2003 (MOA).
- - Law 18 of 2004.
23- 1-1 Registration
- imported pesticides have to be
- a- Registered in a developed country.
b- Not prohibited for use by any of relevant
international - organizations FAO,WHO, EU, or EPA.
c- Approved by WHO for vector control
pesticides. - An exporting company has to be
- a- Basic producer of the active ingredient of
its commercial product b- Established in
developed country which has complete system for - pesticide registration, or its product has
been registered for use - in such countries.
24- It is also allowed to import a pesticide which
is a conclusion of cooperation between two
or, more basic producers. The
pesticide shall undergo /1-2/ years of efficacy
field trials under local conditions before its
approval and registration. - Pesticide is subject to revision for
re-registration every five years.
252-International and local cooperation
- 2-1) Syria has ratified the followings
- - Basel convention (1992) and its amendments
2004. - - Rotterdam convention (PIC) 2003.
- - Stockholm convention (POPs) 2005.
- - The Revised Text of the IPPC 2004.
-
- 2-2) The international programs concerned with
these conventions - have been providing Syria with the
technical information to - help in prevention of hazards associated
with the use of these - chemicals and developing national
programs for an efficient of - the conventions. 2-3) Besides, the close
cooperation among MOA, MOH MOLAE - in exchanging technical information has
been very helpful in the - establishment of more active system of
pesticide management.
26 Obsolete Pesticides in Syria- A
three stage project for centralization and
safeguard of obsolete pesticides in Syria is
being executed by MOA MOLAE under the
direct supervision of FAO experts.
27- - First stage
- During this stage an initial survey was carried
out to estimate - the obsolete pesticide quantities in the stores
of the relevant - governmental departments.
- - Second stage The field inventory data
indicated the existence of 580-600 tons of - obsolete pesticides, of which 1575 Kg DDT has
been stored at MOH - stores since 1978 .
- -Re-package of 450 tons which have been
centralized in two big stores - -The remaining (150 tons) shall soon be
re-packaged and centralized. - Third stage After the end of re-packaging and
centralization, the total quantities - of obsolete pesticides shall be transported
abroad for safe disposal.
28- The first and second stages expenses have been
sponsored by FAO. - International organizations are invited to help
us to achieved the - disposal of the above mentioned pesticides.
Total coasts as an estimation are 1.5 million
Dollars which cover transportation and
incineration.
29- Thank you
- For your attention
- SYRIAN ARAB REBUPLEC (MOH, MOA, MOLAE)