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Smap a new soil database for New Zealand

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S-map. a new soil database for New Zealand. Allan Hewitt. Landcare Research, New Zealand ... Motueka catchment Allan Hewitt, Wairarapa Hugh Wilde, Murray Jessen ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Smap a new soil database for New Zealand


1
S-map a new soil database for New Zealand
  • Allan Hewitt

Landcare Research, New Zealand
2
The situation
  • Increased demand for soil information to underpin
    sustainable developmentand environmental
    management
  • But current data is patchy

3
  • Soil maps
  • and reports
  • Patchy distribution
  • Varying age / quality
  • Limited soil attributes

4
Vision for S-map efficient access to relevant
soil information
  • Consistent soil map coverage of NZ
  • Key soil attributes mapped
  • Data transformed into useful information for all
    soils
  • Ease of linkage to management packages
  • Web access

5
Vision for S-map efficient access to relevant
soil information
  • Centralised curation and quality assurance
  • Ease of integration of soil with other data sets
  • (e-Government/ e-Science)
  • Ease of regional and national scale analyses
  • Achieved through cooperation

6
Principles and design
  • Building on best of the old filling gaps
  • Consistent national coverage new data
  • All digital escape the constraints of paper
  • Incorporates a database (data information)
  • National soil correlation
  • Base for efficient modelling
  • Expression of uncertainty
  • Base for good public access to soil information
  • Scale 150 000 or better

7
Uses the NZSCto group similar soil series into
soil families
NZSC Parent Mat. Rock class Texture
group Permeability
A
Soil Family
Siblings
1
2
3
4
5
Depth Drainage Texture Stones Misc.
8
Functional horizons
T3
T9
Horizons Based on Soil physical functions
S13
S6
9
Base Properties Example
1st Functional horizon Thickness (cm)
1st Functional horizon Stones ()
12
25
20
40
25
Probability distribution functions to expression
variability and uncertainty
10
Uncertainty in S-map
  • Knowledge of soil variability and uncertainty
    recorded where possible
  • How reliable is this?
  • What else might it be?
  • What is the likely range of soil property values?
    (and how confident are we of this range)
  • How good (or bad) are the models?

11
Map scale
  • The map scale 150 000
  • But better resolution than 150 000 scale paper
    maps.
  • Growing desire for finer scale farm maps
  • growing interest in precision agriculture
  • Finer scale farm mapping will be supported by the
    S-map, by
  • Identifying probable soils
  • Indicating the fine scale pattern of soil
    variation

12
Mapping procedure
  • Mixture of conventional soil survey and modelling
  • to new S-map standard
  • Correlating to NZ legend
  • New mapping to fill in the gaps
  • Lowlands conventional soil survey techniques
  • Uplands model the landscape using a DEM

13
Uplands

Lowlands
14
Modelling in hilly mountainous land
  • Within land systems - use a DEM to divide a
    landscape into land elements
  • Use field work and expert knowledge to develop
    soil-landscape models to predict soils within the
    land elements
  • Models mainly in the form of rules that relate
    land elements to soil classes and attributes.

15
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16
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17
Apply soil-landscape model
18
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19
Derived data
20
1. Correlation
3. Derived
2. Base
21
Fact sheetsfor easy access to information
  • Southland fact sheets as document files
    http//map.es.govt.nz/Departments/LandSustainabili
    ty/soilmaps.aspx
  • Otago fact sheets as reports from a soil
    information database (ORC)
  • Linked to digital soil maps
  • Customised fact sheets as on-the-fly reports
  • Fact sheets automatically updated with growth of
    database

22
Fact sheets
23
Current work
  • FRST
  • Database design Linda Lilburne and Co
  • Eastern dry greywacke mountains Ian Lynn
  • Canterbury Plains - Trevor Webb
  • Motueka catchment Allan Hewitt,
  • Wairarapa Hugh Wilde, Murray Jessen
  • Northland Malcolm Mcleod
  • Masters at Lincoln Sam Carrick
  • ORC and FRST
  • Otago regional soil information system fact
    sheets

24
An S-map cooperative?
  • We cannot do this alone
  • We can do it if we cooperate
  • Regional Councils, District councils
  • Other CRIs
  • Farm servicing agencies
  • Universities
  • Room for consultancies to do farm mapping linked
    to S-map
  • Make S-map a national effort

25
Land Evaluationsystems to assist decision making
in land use managementAllan Hewitt
26
What is Land Evaluation All About ?
  • Inappropriate land use can lead to
  • inefficiency and degradation
  • and social and economic problems

27
The goal good marriages between use and land
capability
28
Land evaluation
  • Exploring productive opportunities
  • What will grow well?
  • Identify the management constraints
  • No surprises development
  • Evaluate the environmental risks
  • will it harm the environment?
  • Future research

29
1. Exploring productive opportunities
  • Land use suitability
  • Crop matching
  • Plantgro crop-matching software

30
Land Evaluation PLANTGRO
31
Dry Beans(Phaseolus vulgaris)
  • 15C at sowing
  • Frost free growing season
  • lt 35C during flowering
  • 650 GDD (base 10)
  • 120 days sowing to harvest
  • Stone free soil
  • Free draining silt loam
  • Irrigation essential

Currently grown in Marlborough Will they grow in
North Canterbury ?
32
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33
Ginseng suitability Tairei Plains (Plantgro)
34
2. Identify the management constraints No
surprises development
  • Advance warning of constraints
  • such as
  • Wet areas
  • Stony areas
  • Shallow hard pan
  • Acidity
  • Water holding capacity
  • Natural nutrients

35
No surprises - NZLRI
36
No surprises Irrigation Suitability
classification
37
3. Evaluate the Environmental risks
  • E.g.
  • Nitrate leaching risk
  • Structural decline risk
  • Water logging risk
  • Erosion risk
  • Risk is higher under intensive land use
  • If you know the risk you can avoid it

38
Output National scale N leaching risk map
39
Potential N leaching index
40
Land use pressure
41
N Leaching Risk
42
3. Environmental risk
Risk of nitrate leaching to ground-water
43
3. Environmental risk
Risk of soil pugging under heavy stock
44
New researchdeveloping a framework to design
use to match capability of the land
  • Consider
  • Functions of the soil
  • (e.g. toxin absorbance, water storage)
  • Productive opportunities
  • Soil ecosystem services
  • Integrate and develop a range of land use
    scenarios
  • Consider risks associated with each scenario
  • Provide scenario visualising tools
  • to help communities of interest to make choices
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