Review for the Middle Ages Unit Test

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Review for the Middle Ages Unit Test
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Beowulf

• Great Britain was invaded and settled by
• Celts (Irish, Welsh, Scottish), Romans, Angles
  (English), Saxons (Northern Germany), Norse
  (Norway), Danes (Denmark)

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Beowulf

• Religious Influences on Great Britain
• Animism Celts saw spirits everywhere (rivers,
  trees, stones, fire, etc.)
• Druids Celtic priests

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Beowulf

• Religious Influences on Great Britain
• Christianity The Romans brought when they
  conquered Great Britain in the First Century A.D.

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Beowulf

• After Romans left, three Germanic tribes, the
  Angles, Saxons and Jutes, claimed many areas and
  established competing kingdoms.

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Beowulf

• The new language that evolved as these three
  Germanic tribes blended with the native people is
  called Old English.

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Beowulf

• The Anglo-Saxons were not barbarians, although
  they are often depicted that way.
• There was frequent war fare between tribes,
  clans, and established settlers vs. new invaders.

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Beowulf

• The group leader was responsible for law and
  order
• Fame, success and survival were achieved through
  loyalty to the leader.
• Success was measured in gifts from the leader.
  (example-Beowulf is rewarded with riches for
  saving Hrothgars kingdom.)

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Beowulf

• Loyal Dependency
• Necessary for protection from vast wilderness
  invaders.
• Sense of loyalty to the community

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Beowulf

• Names to know
• Beowulf
• Grendel
• Grendels mother
• Herot
• Hrothgar
• Hrunting

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Prologue Characters to Know
• The Knight
• The Squire
• The Prioress
• The Monk
• The Friar

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Prologue Characters to Know
• The Parson
• The Miller
• The Reeve
• The Summoner

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• What crime did the knight commit?
• Who begs to save the knights life?
• What task is the knight given to save his life?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• How long is he given to complete this task?
• As he is traveling, what does he realize about
  the answers he is given?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• The Wife of Bath often digresses into other
  stories. What story does she tell as an example
  of the idea that women can not keep secrets?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• What secret does Midas reveal to his wife?
• What does the knight see in a clearing in the
  forest on his journey back to the castle?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• When he enters the clearing what does he find?
• What does the woman promise him?
• What must he do in return?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• What is the old womans answer to the question?
• What request does the old woman make of the
  knight?
• Why is he reluctant to agree?

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The Canterbury Tales

• The Wife of Baths Tale
• How does the old woman define a true gentleman?
• What choice does she give the knight?
• What is his answer, and what does he ultimately
  receive?

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The Grail

• Chivalry a military code of behavior (from the
  French term for knight, chevalier).
• A knight was supposed to be fair to his
  opponents, loyal to his lord, and honorable in
  all things.

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The Grail

• A knight was also supposed to show Christian
  humility to his peers, kindness to those beneath
  him, and generosity to all.

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The Grail

• The romances were the literary expressions of
  chivalric ideals.
• These were long poems about knightly adventures
  that were recited by traveling poets.
• The stories later written down.

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The Grail

• The knights were also courtly lovers who were
  devoted to on special lady
• This new element of courtly love served to
  distinguish the romances from the earlier epics.

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The Grail

• The knights glorious deeds were not performed in
  the service of king or country, but on behalf of
  a beautiful, fair and noble lady who was above
  him in status and usually marriedand therefore
  unattainable.

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The Grail

• Perceval is the earliest known version of the
  legend of the Holy Grail, a cup or platter
  regarded as a holy object.
• The Grail is used to carry communion wafers,
  which are an important element in Christian
  ritual.

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The Grail

• In later Arthurian romances, the Grail is
  described as the cup from which Christ drank at
  the Last Supper, the same cup that is later used
  to collect drops of Christs blood at the
  Crucifixion.

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The Grail

• Many knights of Arthurs round table try and fail
  to find this holy object, which can only be
  obtained by a person who is absolutely pure.

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The Grail

• Percival is the son of a great knight, but his
  mother has kept him from knowing anything about
  his knighthood.
• She does not want him to die young as her husband
  and two other sons have done.

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The Grail

• Percival meets five wandering knights and gets a
  taste of adventure.
• He instantly decides to desert his mother and
  become a knight himself.

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The Grail

• When Percival reaches King Arthurs court his
  worth is immediately recognized.
• He is given the armor and weapons of a knight.

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The Grail

• All is not positivehe is ridiculed at the court
  because his manners are so crude.
• An older knight takes Percival aside and advises
  him how to behave.

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The Grail

• Among other things, he advises Percival not to
  talk too much, since his speech may reveal his
  lack of education.

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The Grail

• Who is Perceval searching for at the beginning of
  the story?
• When Perceval can not get across the river, who
  tells him where he can find a place to stay?
• Why doesnt the master of the castle stand up to
  greet Perceval?

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The Grail

• What gift does the king give to Perceval?
• What other remarkable items does Perceval see
  carried in before him?
• Why doesnt Perceval ask any questions about
  these things?

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The Grail

• How does Perceval finally decide to find out
  about these things?
• What does he find when he wakes up the next
  morning?
• What is the lesson that the narrator says can be
  learned from Percevals mistakes?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• What holiday is being celebrated when the story
  opens?
• What is the Green Knights challenge for one of
  Arthurs knights?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• What will the Green Knight give the knight who
  accepts the challenge?
• Who is the first to accept the challenge?
• Why is he not the one to ultimately take it?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• Where does Sir Gawain strike the Green Knight and
  what happens after he is hit?
• How long before Sir Gawain must find the Green
  Knight again?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• On what day does Sir Gawain leave to find the
  chapel of the Green Knight?
• What deal does Sir Gawain make with his host at
  the castle where he takes shelter?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• On the first two days, what does Sir Gawain
  receive that he readily shares with his host?
• On the third day, what does he receive that he
  keeps a secret?
• What magical property does this item possess?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• What does the Squire offer Sir Gawain before he
  approaches the Greek Knights chapel?
• What happens the first time the Green Knight
  swings at Sir Gawain?

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

• How many total times does the Greek Knight swing
  at Gawain?
• What is the Green Knights true identity?
• Who set up this game?
• Why does Sir Gawain keep the green sash?

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The Inferno

• The Nine Circles of Hell
• Limbo
• Lustful
• Gluttonous
• Avaricious
• (2-4 are sins of weakness. They are mostly
  harmful things we do to ourselves.)

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The Inferno

• The Nine Circles of Hell
• Wrathful
• Heretics
• Violent
• (5-7 are sins of malice. They were premeditated
  and usually involve actions toward other people)

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The Inferno

• The Nine Circles of Hell
• Fraudulent
• Treacherous
• (These last two circles represent sins of
  betrayal and pride, considered the worst sins of
  all. Satan, who betrayed God, represents the
  epitome of evil)

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The Inferno

• At the beginning of the story where does Dante
  find himself?
• What are the three beasts blocking his path?
• Who is Dantes guide on his journey through hell?

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The Inferno

• What is the warning carved on the gates to hell?
• Who is the ferryman that takes the deceased into
  hell?
• What is the role of Minos?

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The Inferno

• Sinners and their punishments
• The Opportunists (first circle)
• The Carnal (second circle)
• Those Guilty of Fraud-Grafters (eighth circle)
• Traitors (ninth circle)

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The Inferno

• Describe the region around Satan.
• How do Dante and Virgil escape from hell?
• What are things like when they emerge?

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Questions to Consider

• How did the various invading forces that settled
  in Great Britain throughout the Emergent period
  each contribute to the language and culture of
  that region?

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Questions to Consider

• How do the qualities of a hero reflect the time
  period in which he/she was created? How is
  Beowulf different than Perceval and Sir Gawain?

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Questions to Consider

• How did Chaucer feel about the Catholic church
  and how did he express his views through the
  characterizations of various pilgrims on the
  journey?

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Questions to Consider

• How do Christianity and magical elements work
  together in the Arthurian romances?

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Questions to Consider

• How are the punishments in Dantes Inferno
  symbolic of the crimes the people committed in
  their lives?