HIGH MIDDLE AGES

1
HIGH MIDDLE AGES
THE CRUSADES-

• CAUSES
• Turks (Muslims)
• Gained control of Palestine-
• Threatened ___________________
• Pope Urban II asked feudal lords to win back the
  Holy Land
• Symbol was ____________________
• Reason for Crusaders to join the fight

FIRST CRUSADES Crusaders captured
____________ Brought the Holy Land under European
control

• CHILDRENS CRUSADES-
• Several thousand children were lost.

SECOND CRUSADES Turks took back cities that the
crusaders had captured

• RESULTS OF THE CRUSADES
• All except the first Crusades failed to retake
  the Holy Land
• Muslims controlled ______________________
• Europe started using crossbows, catapults,
  gunpowder
• Kings grew strong and _____________ began to end
• Christian church became more powerful

THRID CRUSADES Could not recapture ___________
but Christians could enter freely
FOURTH CRUSADES Regain control of
__________________________

• REVIAL OF TRADE
• Trade Routes
• ______________ was in a prime trading position
  b/c of their location placed them in the middle
  b/w Europe and Asia
• Markets
• Villages had weekly market day and market places
• Fairs were special times for people to buy goods
• Manufacturing
• Domestic system-
• Banking
• First bankers were money changers
• _______________ became the main moneylenders b/c
  they were unable to own land
• Investing
• Capital-
• Partnership-
• Medieval market ec. Formed the basis for our
  modern capitalist system

GROWTH OF TOWNS
FOUR BASIC RIGHTS OF TOWNSPEOPLE Freedom- Exempti
on- Town justice- Commercial privileges-

• GUILDS-
• Merchant guilds-
• Craft guilds-
• Process to become a master
• Apprentice-
• Journeyman-
• Master-

2

• MEDIEVAL TOWNS
• Towns offered _______________ and __________ for
  serfs
• Located-
• Houses
• Several stories high
• Each story extends beyond the one below
• Buildings almost touched in the middle of the
  streets
• Streets were dark
• High crime
• Black Death-
• Came from-
• Carried by-
• Effect on wages-

LIFE AND CULTURE
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Latin- Troubadours- Fictio
nal stories- French had fables National
epics- ____________- father of the Italian
language and wrote ____________
__________________________________ Geoffrey
Chaucer-

• EDUCATION
• Universities-
• Students earned-

• ARCHITECTURE
• Romance style-
• Gothic
• Flying buttresses-
• Stained-glass windows
• Notre Dame

WARS AND GROWTH OF NATIONS

• ENGLAND
• Hundred Years War
• b/w-
• King Edward III claimed the Fr. Throne
• The French assembly chose Philip VI
• Result
• _____________ lost
• __________________ gained more power over the
  king
• War of the Rose-
• b/w-
• White Rose-
• Red Rose-
• Henry Tudor-
• Henry married the daughter from the House of York

FRANCE FIGHT FOR THE THORNE House of
Burgundy- House of Orleans- Joan of Ark- Charles
VII- Louis XI-
SPAIN ____________________________________________
___________- united the nation Catholics did not
like non-Catholics and ordered all ____________
and ____________________ to become Christian or
leave
3
CHALLENGES TO CHURCH POWER

• Church power weakens b/c the power shift when
  kings formed string govt.
• New pope is French and he moves the headquarters
  to __________________________, causing people to
  loose respect for the church and said that the
  pope was controlled by the France.
• Great Schism-
• More Problems for the Church
• Immorality of some clergy
• Individuals should be allowed to read and
  interpret scripture for themselves, w/o church
  intervention
• Promoted the first translation of the
  __________________ into English