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Topics we will cover

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Calculates quickest route based on distance and road speeds' ... Users are the major driving force for this technology. Data Issues ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Topics we will cover


1
Topics we will cover
  • Online Cadastre
  • Online GIS
  • Location Based Services
  • Issue Data Capture, Storage and Retrieval
  • Issue Privacy, Ownership, etc

2
Online Cadastre
  • Geometric Description of Land within the Cadastre
  • how it is stored and linked to the register of
    rights, restrictions and responsibilities

3
Digital Cadastral Databases (DCDBs) Defined
  • Representation of the geometric component of a
    cadastre in electronic format is termed Digital
    Cadastral Database (DCDB)

4
What is Recorded in a DCDB
  • Usually Consists
  • Parcel boundaries
  • Easements
  • Other Additional Contents
  • Property boundaries
  • Building footprints
  • Street addresses
  • Administrative boundaries
  • Valuation
  • Other land use features (garden, roads, railway
    lines, forest, etc.)

5
Graphical vs. Survey Accurate Cadastre
  • Level of accuracy is usually survey accuracy
  • Isolated Survey Approach leads to a non-survey
    accurate DCDB
  • Coordinated Survey Approach leads to a survey
    accurate DCDB which in turn supports a
    coordinated cadastre
  • What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of
    non-survey accurate DCDB?
  • What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a
    survey accurate DCDB?

6
Graphical vs. Survey Accurate Cadastre
  • Non-Survey Accurate (Graphical) DCDB
  • Common approach in Australia
  • Less required to setup/maintain DCDB
  • More time to complete surveys (less connection to
    neighbouring parcels) but need to re-establish
    parcel nearly every time and connect to geodetic
    control
  • Inappropriate use of non-accurate cadastral
    dataset
  • Survey Accurate DCDB
  • More required to setup/maintain DCDB (up to
    Billions)
  • More time to perform initial survey, however very
    little work required to re-do same parcel
  • Value-added potential of accurate cadastral
    dataset

7
Updating of DCDBs
  • Subdivisions are charted in LTO's (Land Registry)
    on an index map
  • Update of the DCDB refers to those processes that
    ensure that all new and existing legal
    subdivisions are recorded, ie. the cadastral map
    or DCDB is up-to-date
  • Specifically this should include
  • Recording all new legal subdivisions
  • Ensuring map completeness

8
Victorian DCDB Organisations Involved in
Updating
9
VicMap Neighbourhood
VicMap Neighbourhood
10
Online GIS
  • Web Mapping or WebGIS has the ability to
    distribute geographic information to a massive
    worldwide audience.
  • This is achieved through giving internet users
    the ability to access GIS applications from their
    web browsers without having to purchase
    proprietary GIS software.
  • This is done by feeding traditional GIS software
    into a Map Server, which utilises database
    servers containing spatial data, to finally
    display geographic information on internet
    enabled machines.
  • Web mapping vendors include Autodesk, ESRI, and
    MapInfo

11
Online GIS
12
Online GIS
  • There are two main strategies for delivering GIS
    functionality to the web. These are server-side
    and client-side strategies.

13
Server-side Strategy (thin client)
  • GIS data and analysis can be accessed on demand
    from a primary server (Map Server) that contains
    the necessary data and software needed to process
    the request
  • Advantages
  • No GIS knowledge is required
  • Only little processing power is required by the
    client
  • Access to larger datasets and more complex
    analytical routines
  • Control exerted on the user, ensuring correct use
    of data
  • Disadvantages
  • Every request must be sent to the server for
    processing
  • Performance is affected by bandwidth internet
    traffic
  • Users computer processing power is not utilised
  • Best Suits mass marketing applications
  • VicMap Example

14
Client-side Strategy (thick client)
  • Some of the work of processing requests is
    shifted back onto the client, and the server is
    used mostly for accessing data
  • There is achieved in two ways
  • 1. GIS applets delivered on demand
  • Applets or small programs are downloaded on
    request to provide the GIS capability
  • This is Initially more time consuming however
    ultimately gives the user more freedom to work
    with the data independently of the server
  • 2. GIS applets and plug-in applications reside
    on the client permanently
  • Browser capabilities are built into existing GIS
    software that runs on the client
  • Only data needed for the application is
    downloaded from the server thus giving users full
    control of how they use and analyse it

15
Client-side Strategy (thick client)
  • Advantages
  • Users processing power is utilised
  • Once the client receives the data, analysis can
    be performed without having to be connected to
    the internet
  • The user has greater control
  • Disadvantages
  • Time consuming to initially download large
    amounts of data and applets
  • Users may not have the training or ability to
    perform the data and analysis functions properly
  • If the users computer is not powerful, processing
    will be difficult and time consuming

16
Future of Online GIS
  • The main advantage of internet-based GIS is that
    data from many sources can be delivered across
    the open network without the need for dedicated
    cables.
  • Through the use of GIS within the web
    environment, more and more people will be exposed
    to spatial information without even realising it.

17
Location Based Services (LBS)
  • Integration of the internet with positioning
    technology
  • There are four major categories of Location Based
    Services (LBS)
  • Location based information
  • Tracking
  • Emergency services
  • Location sensitive billing

18
LBS Location Based Information
  • WAP is an application that provides
    Internet use for mobile phones and PDAs
  • Combined with positioning technology, it is
    possible to locate specific services
    nearest to the user

Telstra WhereiS Demo www.telstra.com.au/mobilenet
/phones/wap2/wap_demo.htm
19
LBS Asset Tracking / Control
  • Mobile commerce
  • Logistics
  • Production monitoring

Picture www.nokia.com
20
LBS Emergency Services
  • Map downloaded from Internet
  • Manually input location of accident
  • Calculates quickest route based on distance and
    road speeds
  • Australian systems currently do not consider
    traffic

21
Example Motorola Traffic Telematics
22
Location Sensitive Billing
Home
  • Mobile phone becomes home phone within local
    region
  • Standard local call rates apply to mobile phone
    when used within this region

Standard call region
Local (cheaper) call region
23
Future of Location Based Services
  • The number of uses for Location Based Services is
    growing fast
  • Currently only a limited number of applications
    for this technology in the Geomatics field
  • Can provide a means for the integration of GPS
    with cadastral information
  • Users are the major driving force for this
    technology

24
Data Issues
  • We are becoming an increasingly data-rich society
  • Information is now a commodity
  • Cadastral and other spatial data are becoming
    more useful, and to a more diverse range of users
  • The spatial industry is shifting focus from
    measurement to management of data

25
Data Issues
  • Data Capture
  • Online systems obviously require digital data
  • Obtained directly via surveying, data extraction
    from imagery, or conversion of paper maps, etc
  • All expensive, requiring time and effort
  • Data Storage
  • Some data needs to be archived for hundreds of
    years
  • How can data be stored electronically when
    technology changes so rapidly?
  • Much of the hardware and software of a decade ago
    is now obsolete
  • Will we be able to read data from a CD ROM in a
    decade?
  • What about a century?

26
Data Issues
  • Data Maintenance
  • Data must be kept up to date
  • Think about the number of subdivisions and new
    roads every year!
  • Data Sharing
  • Spatial data is created in the form and to the
    accuracy relevant to its use
  • Multiple formats ARC/INFO coverage files,
    MicroStation design files, etc
  • Varying Accuracy eg geodetic control networks
    VS land use coverage
  • Data Delivery
  • Limitations and multiple variations in
    programming languages, front-end interfaces and
    communication hardware

27
Data Issues
  • Spatial Data Processing
  • Agencies often use different software for spatial
    analysis and data storage
  • Custom interfaces required to communicate between
    software across multiple operating systems,
    networks and architectures
  • Data Expectations
  • Misunderstanding and over-emphasis on data in
    state-of-the-art systems
  • Data Users
  • Data providers need to accommodate and target
    their users
  • Software needs to prevent Inappropriate or
    unauthorized use of data
  • Warnings, disclaimers, guidelines, etc required

28
Privacy and Data Ownership
  • New Technologies
  • Privacy issue concern
  • Old Deeds Register
  • Computerization

29
Privacy and Data Ownership
  • Example Dale 99
  • Different Countries interpretations
  • Mobile Phone example

30
Privacy and Data Ownership
  • Who should have access to data
  • Combinations of datasets
  • Map duplication
  • Use rights instead of ownership rights
  • Value adding

31
Privacy and Data Ownership
  • Web security
  • People dont fully understand
  • Privacy and ownership issues need to be resolved
    for full potential to be reached of online
    systems for land information!
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