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Chapter 8 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders

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Diarrhea. Constipation. Intestinal gas. 3. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) ... Diarrhea. Genetic Disorder. Abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal discharge. Origin ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 8 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders


1
Chapter 8Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders
2
Gastrointestinal (GI) Disorders
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Intestinal gas

3
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
  • Mucosa erosion stomach or duodenum
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Damage from
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Cigarette smoking
  • NSAIDs

4
Signs and symptoms of PUD
  • Dull stomach ache
  • Poor appetite
  • Bloating
  • Burping
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

5
Treatment Options for PUD
  • Directed towards relieving pain, accelerating
    ulcer healing, and minimizing recurrence
  • H2 receptor antagonists (Tagamet, Zantac)
  • Proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Prevacid)
  • Antacids (Tums, Rolaids)
  • Sucralfate (prescription only)
  • Bismuth compounds (Pepto-Bismol)
  • Antibiotics

6
Adverse Effects
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Headache
  • Stomach cramps
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

7
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
  • Movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
  • Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not close
    properly

8
GERD (cont.)
  • Possible problems with GERD
  • Esophageal strictures (narrowing or constriction)
  • Esophageal ulcers
  • Perforations
  • Hemorrhage
  • Aspiration
  • Motility disorders

9
Heartburn
  • Most common symptom of GERD
  • Pain in center of chest
  • Most do not seek treatment right away
  • Aggravated by
  • Foods high in fat
  • Spices, onions, citric juices, coffee (caffeine)
  • Alcohol
  • Body position

10
Treatment and Adverse Effects
  • Goals of treatment
  • Eliminate symptoms
  • Limit frequency and duration
  • Promote healing
  • Prevent complications
  • Alter factors that cause reflux
  • Lose weight, proper diet
  • Loose-fitting clothes
  • Limit smoking, alcohol, laying down after eating

11
Antacids
  • Relieve mild to moderate symptoms
  • Decrease gastric acidity
  • Rapid onset, short duration
  • Taken with food last up to 3 hours
  • Adverse effects
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation

12
Table 8-2 Antacid Classifications
13
Diarrhea
  • Genetic Disorder
  • Abnormal frequency and liquidity of fecal
    discharge
  • Origin
  • Infection (Salmonella)
  • Toxic
  • Drug-induced
  • Diet

14
Acute or Chronic
  • Acute (sudden onset)
  • Food induced (travelers)
  • Chronic (2 weeks or longer)
  • Stress or Irritable bowel syndrome

15
Treatment and Adverse Effects
  • Goals of treatment
  • Control the loss of fluids (athletes)
  • Identify and treat cause
  • Provide symptomatic relief
  • Refer to physician if
  • Persists for several days
  • Blood in stool
  • Severe abdominal pain, cramps
  • If from a bacterial infection do not stop
    movement

16
  • Antiperistaltic agents (Imodium)
  • Dizziness, dry mouth , rash
  • Bismuths (Pepto-Bismol)
  • Figure 8-1, pg 111

17
Constipation
  • Decrease in the frequency of fecal elimination
    (hard/dry stool)
  • Diet low in fiber
  • Lack of exercise
  • Insufficient fluid intake
  • Excessive intake of foods
  • Resisting defecation impulses
  • Diabetes, pregnancy

18
  • Antidiarrheal medications
  • Can cause constipation
  • Low back pain, headache, distension, abdominal
    pain

19
Treatment
  • Increase fiber intake
  • Bulk-forming laxatives
  • FiberCon, Metamucil
  • Increase fluid intake
  • Aerobic exercise
  • Stimulant laxatives
  • Dulcolax
  • Saline salt laxatives
  • Phillips Milk of Magnesia/Fleet enema
  • Implications for athletes, pg 113

20
Intestinal Gas
  • Belching, abdominal discomfort, bloating,
    flatulence
  • Results from malabsorption of carbohydrates and
    proteins
  • Fruits, vegetables, lactose
  • Simethicone (Gas-X)
  • Alpha-galactoside (Beano)

21
Athletic Trainers Responsibility
  • Recognize and refer
  • Trusting relationship
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