Historical Style Periods The continuous development of music as an art form

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Historical Style PeriodsThe continuous
development of music as an art form

• Introductory
• Middle Ages 400 1450
• Renaissance 1450 - 1600
• Baroque 1600 - 1750
• Classical 1750 - 1820
• Romantic 1820 - 1900
• 20th Century to the Present

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Introductory Middle Ages/Renaissance

• Early Roman Catholic Church
• - mostly monophonic texture

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School of Notre Dame Measured Rhythm
Composers developed a rhythmic notation Notre
Dame Choirmasters Leonin Perotin were leaders
in the development of polyphony. in the
development of polyphony
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Cathedral of Notre Dame,Paris, France
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Language influenced MusicWord painting
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Transition from Renaissance to Baroque

• Venice, Italy - Major Cultural Center
• St. Marks Cathedral in Venice, Italy
• Multiple choirs
• polychoral
• antiphonal

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Giovanni Gabrieli1555 - 1612
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Giovanni Gabrieli

• Giovanni Gabrieli - organist, composer
• Choirmaster at St. Marks
• specified particular instruments
• indicated dynamics in musical notation

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Part III of the Kamien textbook

• The Baroque Period (1600-1750)
• Selected topics 92-149

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Characteristics of Baroque Music

• Rhythm
• Melody
• Dynamics
• Texture
• Chords

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Opera is born

• A drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment
  and it is secular

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Opera Terms

• Opera Terms
• Libretto
• Overture
• Two types of solo songs
• Recitative
• Aria

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The Baroque Orchestra

• Based on violin family of instruments

Small by modern standards
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The SonataAn instrumental form

• Instrumental work for 1 8 instruments (Chamber
  music)
• Multi-movement

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Observation Forum
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The Concerto Another instrumental form

• Larger than the sonata
• Large venues
• Featured solo player and orchestra
• solo player often virtuoso

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Antonio Vivaldi 1678 - 1741
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Antonio Vivaldi The Red Priest

• Master of the concerto (450)
• Virtuoso violinist/composer/teacher
• Music school of Pieta, Venice
• Most popular work

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Listening

• La Primavera (Spring), Op. 8, No. 1,
• from The Four Seasons (1725)
• Antonio Vivaldi
• Disc 2, track 1

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Johann Sebastian Bach(1685 - 1750)
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Johann Sebastian Bach

• From Northern Germany

Organist and violinist Genius composer

• (Lutheran)

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Homework Listening Assignment

• Suite No. 3 in D Major
• Kamien CD
• Disc 2

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The Cantata

• A Sermon in music
• Principal means of musical expression in the
  Lutheran service.

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Listening exampleCantata no . 140 Awake, A
Voice is Calling UsJ.S. BachKamien disc 2,
track 12
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The Chorale

• Definition

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The Oratorio

• Like opera, but no acting, scenery, or costumes
• Based on biblical stories
• Not intended for religious services

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Oratorio Listening Example

• Every Valley Shall Be Exalted
• Handels Messiah
• Aria for tenor, strings, and bass
• Kamien Disc 2, (330)

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George Frideric Handel(1685 - 1759)
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Listening Example

• Handel Water Music
• (Instrumental Music)

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