MIXED JURISDICTION : Codified and Uncodified

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MIXED JURISDICTION Codified and Uncodified

• Class of Comparative Law
• By Yos Satya Dharma, SH, LLM.

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Mixed legal systems and mixed jurisdictions

• Dengan adanya Globalization and the increased
  internationalization of law, menjadikan topik
  tsb. sbg pusat studi Comparative Law.
• Kebangkitan Uni Eropa, which has brought together
  many legal systems under a single legislature,
  which has adopted laws and taking precedence over
  national laws.

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Mixed Jurisdiction

• Legal systems in which the Romano -Germanic
  tradition has become suffused to some degree by
  Anglo-American law.
• (FP Walton, The scope and Interpretation of the
  Civil Code, 1907, reprinted by Butterworths,
  Toronto, 1980).

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Mixed legal system (modern def.)

• Legal systems which, to an extensive degree,
  exhibits characteristics of both the civilian and
  the English common law traditions.
• (Robins Evans-Jones, Reception of Law, Mixed
  Legal Systems and the Myth of the Genius Scots
  Private Law, 1998, 114 L.Q.R 228.)

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• Definisi tsb. me-refer kepada common law/ civil
  law mixed legal systems, yg berasal dr. dua atau
  lebih legal traditions.
• E.g Lousiana, Quebec, St.Lucia, Puerto Rico,
  South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho,
  Philipines, Swaziland, Namibia, SriLanka, and
  Scotland.

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• Some mixed Jurisdiction berasal dari legal
  traditions yang non-western misal the North
  African countries, Iran, Egypt, Syria, Iraq dan
  Indonesia.

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Form of civil law traditions

• Codified systems, such as Quebec and Lousiana
  (Walton).
• Jurisdictions Scotland and South Africa
  (Evans-Jones), which received Roman Law without
  ever adopting a code (uncodified).

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Different mixtures

• mixing bowl
• salad bowl
• salad plate
• puree
• (Esin Orucu, Studies in Legal Systems Mixed and
  Mixing, Kluwer Law International, The Hague,
  London, Boston, 1996).

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Mixing bowl

• Legal system consist of historically distinct
  elements but the same legal institutions.
• Merupakan bentuk campuran yg paling sederhana,
  apalagi jika bahan pencampur (ingredients) nya
  tidak begitu banyak.
• Hambatan yg umum terjadi disebabkan oleh karena
  ingredients nya berasal dari budaya hukum
  Common law dan Civil law yg sangat berbeda, dan
  dari segala bentuk macam variasi-nya.

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Salad bowl

• Jurisdictions such as Algeria, in which both the
  elements of the legal systems and the legal
  institutions are distinct, reflecting both
  socio-cultural and legal-cultural differences.
• More complex than mixing bowl.
• Known as Italian salad bowl where, although the
  salad dressing covers the salad, it is easy to
  detect the individual ingredients clearly through
  the side of the glass bowl.

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Salad plate

• Jurisdictions such as Zimbabwe where legal
  dualism or pluralism exist, requiring internal
  conflict rules.
• Known as English salad plate, the ingredients
  sitting separately far apart on the plate with a
  blob a mayonnaise at the side into which the
  different ingredients can be dipped before
  consumption.
• Much more complex than the simple mixed of
  mixing bowl and the complex mixed of Italian
  salad bowl.

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puree

• Jurisdictions where the constituent legal
  traditions have become blended, either because of
  legal-cultural affinity (e.g. Dutch law, blending
  elements of French, German, Dutch and Roman law)
  or because of dominant colonial power or national
  elite which eliminates local customs and replaces
  it with a compound legal system drawn from
  another tradition (e.g. Turkey, blending elements
  of Swiss, French, German and Italian law).

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The other examples of mixtures

• Kemungkinan lain sebagai hasil dari pencampuran
  ini adalah
• Hasil yg extreme dimana pencampuran gagal
  menghasilkan outcome yg diharapkan dan
  menghasilkan suatu keadaan dysfunctional legal
  system, mis Burkina Faso dan Micronesia.

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The other examples of mixtures

• Ongoing mixing or system in transition dimana
  proses pencampuran masih terus berlangsung, dan
  segala macam elemen serta proses masih dalam
  tahap berjalan, mis Slovenia.
• The future is still uncertain, which only time
  will determine the character of the composite
  system now being developed.

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THE END

• Universitas Internasional Batam
• July 2008.