James P' Malley, Jr', Ph'D'

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Case Study Small Groundwater System for Norfolk,
MA

• James P. Malley, Jr., Ph.D.
• Professor of Civil/Environmental Engineering
• Founding and Past President International
  Ultraviolet Association
• University of New Hampshire (UNH)
• Environmental Research Group (ERG)
• Room 344 Gregg Hall, 35 Colovos Road
• Durham, NH 03824-3591(603) 862-1449
• E-Mail jim.malley_at_unh.edu
• VISIT www.iuva.org

UNH
Electrotechnologies Research Program
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Acknowledgements

• Owner Town of Norfolk, MA
• James A. Martin, III Water Superintendent
• Design Engineer Rich Protazowicki
• Design Firm Dufresne-Henry, Westford, MA
• UV Equipment Wedeco-Ideal Horizons
• UNH Graduate Students Nicola Ballester, Craig
  Douglas and David Gaithuma
• Thanks to WQA for the invitation to present

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Project Background

• The Town of Norfolk is a semi-rural suburban
  community located on an upper valley of the
  Charles River aqbout 20 miles Southwest of
  Boston, MA. Norfolk has about 10,460 residents in
  2,818 households.

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Project Background

• Norfolk is supplied by groundwater pumped from
  two wells. The Gold Street Well and the Spruce
  Road Well Both wells draw from the Charles River
  Watershed. Spruce Road is Norfolks primary
  water supply and is typically operated at 500 gpm
  with a maximum flow of 600 gpm and the total
  annual water production in 2003 was 197 million
  gallons.

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Project Background

• High Copper Levels in 1999-2000 prompted MADEP to
  Issue a State Administrative Consent Order
  requiring Norfolk to Optimize its Corrosion
  Control Measures.
• Norfolk hired Dufresne-Henry to evaluate
  alternatives and recommend optimization for the
  Spruce Road Well
• Dufresne-Henry recommended venturi aeration to
  drive off CO2 and augment the existing KOH feed
  system. Since aeration represents a break in the
  hydraulics and potential for microbial
  contamination it was also recommended that UV
  disinfection be implemented following the venturi
  system

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Project Background

• MADEP indicating both venturi aeration and UV
  disinfection represented innovative technologies
  required a pilot study prior to approval to
  proceed with full scale design.
• Dufresne-Henry performed the venturi aeration
  pilot work and contracted with UNH to perform the
  UV disinfection pilot study simultaneously.

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Pilot Testing

• Pilot Testing was conducted at 2 to 10 gpm
• The venturi aeration system was monitored for
  changes in pH and dissolved oxygen of the water
  as well as mechanical and operational reliability
• The UV system was run at a delivered UV Dose of
  60 mJ/cm2 to be consistent with the other state
  approved groundwater UV disinfection system
  (Westford, MA)
• The UV system was monitored for
• Changes in Groundwater Quality (TAOs, UVT)
• Sensor Window and Sleeve Fouling Rate
• UV Lamp Sensor Response
• Bacterial Removal
• Mechanical and Operational Reliability
• Delivered Dose

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Pilot Testing Results

• The venturi aeration system provided reliable and
  cost effective removal of CO2 raising the pH to
  neutral values while attaining dissolved oxygen
  saturation of the water.
• The UV pilot demonstrated
• Reliable operation, no detectable changes in the
  taste, odor and color of the water
• Consistent and stable power and UV lamp output
• Minimal UV sleeve and quartz window fouling rate
• Consistently high influent UV Transmittance
  values
• UV Effluent Bacterial Counts of 0/100 mL
  throughout

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Norfolk, MA UV Scans Performed During Pilot
Testing
Mean UVT _at_254nm 96.8
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Norfolk, MA UV Performance During Pilot Testing
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Fullscale Facilities

• Based on pilot testing results the MADEP approved
  fullscale design of venturi aeration and UV
  disinfection for Norfolks Spruce Road Well
  Facility
• The Spruce Road Treatment Facility was Retrofit
  with Dual Pressurized Venturi Aerators and a
  Wedeco-Ideal Horizons LPHO Series B300 UV Reactor
  Rate at maximum flow of 600 gpm to deliver a dose
  of 60 mJ/cm2 at end of lamp life at a minimum
  UVT of 95

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Fullscale Facilities

• The Fullscale Facility upgrade also included
• A new generator to provide backup power
• An upgraded instrumentation and control system
• New internal and external facility security
  systems
• Improved facility piping and access
• MADEP Required UV System Validation
• Onsite Fullscale UV System Validation using
  protocols consistent with the USEPA UVDGM was
  performed by UNH using MS-2 bacteriophage virus
• The UV System passed Validation and Has Been in
  Operation Since 2003

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UV Reactor Validation
Table 1. QA/QC Results for Norfolk, MA
Validation Testing
Numbers shown in parentheses represent actual
plaques counted. Values calculated from MS-2
stock titer using a mass balance based on simple
dilution of 250 mL/min into 500 gpm.
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UV Reactor Validation
Table 2. Replicate Sample Analysis to Verify
Mixing for Norfolk, MA Validation Testing
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UV Reactor Validation
Table 3. Determination of UV Reactors Reduction
Equivalent Dose.
Computed from the linear regression equation
shown on the CB Dose Response Curve.
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UV Reactor Validation
Collimated Beam (CB) Dose - Response Curves
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UV Reactor Validation
Table 4. Water Quality and UV System Sensor
Readings for Norfolk, MA Validation Test.
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Fullscale Facility Benefits

• Norfolks New Water Treatment Facility provides
  numerous social and economic benefits
• Provides a Safe and Reliable Water Supply
• Provides a barrier for potential volatile organic
  contaminants (MtBE, BTEX, TCE)
• Precludes the costs and impacts of developing and
  alternate water supply for the Town
• Complies with present and anticipated SDWA
  Requirements
• Reduces chemical costs and potential hazards to
  humans and environment from handling chemicals
• Increases lifespan of water system and household
  plumbing
• Minimizes financial burden on users

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Cost and Financing

• Project capital cost was about 1.00 per gallon
  per day of capacity (720,000)
• Project operation and maintenance costs are 0.04
  per 1,000 gallons treated
• Financing was achieved through a Zero Interest
  Loan from the State SDWA Revolving Loan Fund

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A Real Winner

• Norfolks New Water Treatment Facility using
  Innovative Technologies to Control Corrosion and
  Provide Disinfection received the 2003 American
  Consulting Engineers Council Massachusetts
  Chapters Engineering Excellence Platinum Award
  (second highest Engineering Project Award in
  Massachusetts)