The Engine Research Center

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The Engine Research Center
http//www.erc.wisc.edu/
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Engine Research Center

• Largest academic research center focusing on
  internal combustion engines in the U.S.
• Over 3.65 million annual research budget
• Over 55 graduate students, 10-15 post-docs and
  visiting scholars, 8-10 research and
  administrative staff
• Engine Research Center
• Primary focus is engine performance, combustion,
  emission control
• Diesel and spark-ignition engine research
• Experiments
• Computer modeling

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ERC Overview

• Transportation power systems
• Will continue to be a dominant social and
  economic force for decades to come
• Energy conversion efficiency and its
  environmental impact are critical issues to the
  United States and the world
• Engine research at a university
• Conduct research that addresses longer term
  issues
• Provide highly trained engineers who have worked
  on relevant problems
• The Engine Research Center is a major research
  and educational institution for the investigation
  of fundamental and applied technologies relevant
  to IC engines

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ERC Mission

• Provide outstanding graduates
• Trained in combustion engine research and
  fundamentals
• To transportation industry, government, academia
• Provide cutting-edge research
• Help to meet national goals of reduced emissions
  and reduced fuel consumption
• Help to meet US military goals of high power
  density and reduced fuel consumption
• Provide a technically diverse faculty
• Serve as a national resource for information on
  combustion engine science and technology

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Research Overview

• Address a broad range of fundamental and applied
  topics related to IC engine fueling, combustion,
  emissions, and control
• Sustain a unique collaborative research
  environment
• Maintain an array of up-to-date engines and
  advanced components coupled with state-of-the-art
  instrumentation capable of insitu diagnostic
  measurements in these engines

• Maintain a high performance computer facility
  capable of modeling phenomena from the most
  fundamental processes to overall system
  performance
• Maintain a facility which enables the faculty,
  students, and staff to work in close
  collaboration with each other and interactively
  with the customers of the ERC.

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Research Overview

• Fundamental studies
• In-cylinder and intake flows
• Spray and injector studies
• Combustion and ignition fundamentals
• Applied studies
• Combustion optimization
• Low emission combustion technologies
• Aftertreatment

• Simulation tool development
• Diagnostic and instrument development
• Powertrain systems, modeling, diagnostics and
  controls
• Emissions, after-treatment model and control
  development

Research focus guided by sponsor priorities
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Education

• MS and PhD degrees
• Emphasis on relevant research projects
• MEES Master of Engineering in Engine Systems
• Online degree program http//mees.engr.wisc.edu/
  
• Professional development courses
• Engine specific short courses
  http//epdweb.engr.wisc.edu/
• Student car and truck projects
• Myers Automotive Lab
• Challenge X, etc.

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Technology Transfer

• DERC Diesel Emissions Reduction Consortium
• Biennial Symposiums
• June 8-9, 2005 - Low Emission Combustion
  Technologies for IC Engines
• Service on advisory and government panels (PNGV,
  CAFÉ, AAAV, BAST)
• Working group interactions (DOE CRADAs)
• Collaborations with other universities
• Michigan Tech, Minnesota, Michigan, Penn State
• User Groups (KIVA)
• Electronic communication
• Teleconferencing
• Spray/Combustion software library on ERC web site
• Visitors residing in ERC labs
• Graduate students internships
• Technical society activities (SAE, ILASS, ASME
  ICE)
• Journal publications
• Consulting

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ERC Symposiums

• Symposium feature participation by
  internationally recognized experts in engine
  research
• Bring together experts to discuss new research
  directions
• Encourage new coordination of effort to expand
  fundamental understanding and application
  technologies
• Promote new collaborations
• Biennial Symposiums
• 1999 - Engine Research - the Next 50 years
• 2001 - Exhaust After-treatment - Facts and
  Fiction
• 2003 - Developing the Virtual Engine - Current
  Capabilities and Future Direction
• Next Symposium
• Low Emission Combustion Technologies for IC
  Engines
• June 8-9, 2005 - Madison, Wisconsin

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ERC Faculty
Plus many active collaborations with other
faculty
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ERC Staff and Emeritus Faculty
ERC Emeritus Faculty
Associate Scientists Song-Charng Kong, Randy
Hessel, Glenn Bower Program Manager Manuel
Gonzalez Program Assistants Deanna Duerst Office
Student Hourlies Susie Strzelec, Janet He
Computer SysAdmin. Josh Leach Lab Specialist
Ralph Braun
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Faculty Accomplishments

• Selected Accomplishments
• SAE Fellows Myers, Uyehara, Borman, Farrell,
  Foster, Reitz, Rutland, Martin
• National Academy of Engineers Myers, Corradini
• SAE Horning Award Recipients Myers, Uyehara,
  Borman, Reitz (2), Martin
• ASME Honda Medal Myers, Reitz
• Named Professorship holders Corradini, Foster,
  Reitz
• NSF CAREER or PYI Corradini, Foster, Rutland,
  Ghandhi, Sanders
• 2005 SAE Arch T. Colwell Award Ghandhi (with
  Rothamer), Reitz (with Subramanian and Ruman)

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ERC Facilities

• 18 Engine test stands
• Six single cylinder heavy duty diesel engines
• Five smaller single cylinder research and flow
  visualization engines
• Seven SI and WSEC engines
• 10 Off-engine experimental development labs
• Production, prototype injection systems
• Siemens, Orbital, Bosch, FIAT, Chrysler, Denso,
  Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel Corporation
  and Lucas
• Extensive computing environment
• High-end PC compute clusters 96 nodes
• Visualization center, high capacity server and
  network
• 5 High Speed DAS, other time based PC DASs

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ERC Facilities (Cont.)

• Extensive optical diagnostic capabilities
• 3 Cu-vapor lasers, 3 Nd YAG, Excimer, 4 Argon
  ion ,
• 2 PDAs, PIV, 3 LDVs, high speed cameras, movie
  and digital Kodak, Cordin framing camera, long
  distance microscope lens
• Spectrometers, video frame grabbers, digital
  converters...
• 2 Bosch RTT and AVL DPL 482 Particulate Analyzers
• Two FTIRs , standard emission instruments
• exhaust HC, CO, NO, 2 full dilution tunnels
• Cambustion Fast-HC, Fast-NOx analyzers
• Bosch Optical Smoke Opacity /TEOM
• Machine shop
• Dark Room

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ERC Funding

• Total Annual Funding 3.6 million

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ERC Graduates

• Industry
• Virtually every major manufacturer of internal
  combustion engines boasts ERC graduates
• Automobile and other vehicle manufacturers
• Suppliers to the engine industry
• Government
• National research laboratories
• Regulatory agencies
• Academia

5 Presidents of SAE 10 Members of SAE Board of
Directors
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ERC Research Projects
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Charge preparation

• Modeling
• Hao Lu Direct Numerical Simulations and LES
  Modeling of Rotating Turbulence
• Chan-Hee Son Assessment of In Cylinder
  Turbulence Models
• Diego Arias Carburetor Model Development
• Experimental
• Nathan Haugle Residual Gas Effects on
  Combustion and Emissions of a Utility Engine
• Laura Kranendonk Wavelength-Agile Absorption
  Measurements of Gas Temperature and Composition
  in HCCI Engines
• Ryan Michael Rudnitzki Spray Visualization of
  Gasoline Fuel Injectors

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Fuel Injection and Sprays

• Modeling
• Neerav Abani Spray Model Development for
  Advanced Diesel Engines
• Wei Liu Direct Numerical Simulations of Low
  Mach Number Turbulence and Sprays
• Achuth Munnannur Modeling Vaporization of
  Multicomponent Fuels in High Pressure
  Environments
• Wei Ning Development of a "Next-Generation
  Spray Model" For Direct Injection Automotive
  Diesel Engines that considers Unstable Wave
  Growth Processes that lead to Spray Formation
• Experimental
• Thomas Edward Briggs A Study of Dense Spray
  Regions in Diesel Sprays using Optical and X-Ray
  Spray Imaging
• Amaury Malave Diesel Spray Imaging using X-Rays
• Paul Loeper Evaluating the Potential of
  Micro-Hole Nozzles to Achieve Clean Diesel
  Combustion
• Prakash Prashanth Ravi Fabrication and Testing
  of Micro-Machined 3D Nozzles for Diesel Fuel
  Injection
• Bo Yang Diesel Spray Impingement Measurements
• Tanet Aroonsrisopon Investigation of the
  Effects of Charge Inhomogeneities on Homogeneous
  Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Combustion
  Characteristics

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Combustion Optimization and Emissions

• Modeling
• Michael Bergin Modeling Large Bore (Locomotive)
  Diesel Engine Combustion Processes
• Caroline Dougan Optimization of Piston Geometry
  and Fuel Spray Characteristics for the Reduction
  of Emissions and Fuel Consumption in a Heavy Duty
  Diesel Engine
• Bing Hu LES Combustion and Spray Modeling for
  IC Engines
• Yi Liu Use of Multidimensional Modeling to
  Optimize Fuel Injection Strategies for Emissions
  Reductions in HSDI Diesel Engines
• Satbir Singh Experimental and Computational
  Investigation of Low Temperature Diesel Engine
  Combustion
• Laine Stager Modeling the Effect of Piston
  Geometry on HSDI Diesel Engine Performance and
  Emissions
• Rahul Jhavar Investigating the Impact of Mixing
  on HCCI using RANS and LES Techniques
• Chulhwa Jung Modeling of Homogeneous Charge
  Compression Ignition (HCCI) Combustion Processes
• Yong Sun Development and Application of Engine
  CFD Models to Diesel Engine Performance
  Optimization via Fuel Injection Rate Control
• Long Liang Modeling Stratified Charge Gasoline
  Engine Combustion using Level Set Methods with
  Detailed Chemistry

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Combustion Optimization and Emissions

• Experimental
• Sangsuk Lee Investigation of Spray Targeting
  and PCI Combustion in HSDI Diesel Engines
• Ben Druecke Irreversibly Analyses of Different
  Engine Combustion Processes
• Victor Salazar Investigation of Hydrocarbon
  Emission Mechanisms in a Utility Engine
• Eric Schroeder Investigation of Common Rail
  Injection Characteristics on the Detailed
  Chemical Characteristics of a Heavy Duty Diesel
  Engine
• Ryan Nevin HCCI Control using Variable Valve
  Actuation (VVA) in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
• Patrick Thomas Experimental Diesel HCCI
  Combustion Optimization using Variable Geometry
  Sprays
• Eric Weninger Experimental Diesel HCCI
  Combustion Optimization using Fumigation of the
  Intake Air with Diesel Fuel
• Richard Opat Development of a New Diesel HCCI
  Laboratory
• Hyungsuk Kang Strategies for Changing
  Combustion Regimes Investigation of Transient
  Emissions in a Four Cylinder HSDI Diesel Engine
• Mark Schrewe Investigation of Light-Load HCCI
  Combustion
• John Waldman Exploring High Speed Direction
  Injection Engine Operation as a Means of
  Extending the HCCI Operating Range
• Sean Younger Investigation of Light-Load HCCI
  Combustion
• Randy Herold Measurements and Characterization
  of Gasoline HCCI Combustion
• Angelo Paolo Chialva Analysis of Intake Charge
  Temperature Stratification and EGR Unmixedness
  Effects on HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline HCCI
  Single Cylinder Engine

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Exhaust Aftertreatment

• Modeling
• Andrea Strzelec Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment
  Model Development
• Stephen England System Simulation of Diesel
  Aftertreatment Devices
• Experimental
• Matthew Bohm Fundamental Performance of Four
  Way Catalytic NOx-Particulate Traps for Different
  Engine Operating Conditions
• Ekathai Wirojsakunchai Investigation of the
  Impact of Diesel Exhaust and Particulate
  Composition on the Regeneration Processes of
  DPF's and DPNR

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Diagnostics and Controls

• Experimental
• Natalie Bednar Pointwise Optical Sensing by
  Two-Photon Absorption in Xenon Gas
• Matt Borden Tomographic Imaging of Fuel Sprays
  using Wavelength-Agile Sensors
• Drew Caswell Multispectral, Multi-Line-of-Sight
  Combustion Measurements
• Chris Hagen Mid-Infrared Wavelength-Agile
  Sources for Trace-Gas Sensing in Combustion
• Amanda Pertzborn Spectrally Resolved Rayleigh
  Scattering for Monitoring the Temperature and
  Pressure of Dense Gases
• Timothy Pfeifer Engine Piston Temperature
  Measurement for Thermal Loading using a Fiber
  Bragg Grating (FBG) Embedded into the Piston
  Surface
• Jon Filipa Wavelength-Agile Absorption
  Spectroscopy Applied in Gas Turbine Engines
• Modeling
• Kushal Narayanaswamy DI-HCCI Engine Control
  System Development using Engine Simulation Codes

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Accomplishing the ERC Mission

• ERC integrates advanced experimental diagnostics
  and theoretical advancements to produce validated
  engine simulation codes for practical
  applications
• Fundamental understanding and new technologies
  applied to industrially-relevant research
• A unique, collaborative, highly productive
  research environment for faculty, staff, students
  and industry participants
• Program involvement by students at all levels
  (undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate)