Report on the ARS Animal Health National Program Assessment

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Report on the ARS Animal Health National Program
Assessment

• Prof. Paul-Pierre PASTORET

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• NATIONAL PROGRAM ASSESSMENT
• WORKSHOP, 2000-2004
• ANIMAL HEALTH
• October 26, 2004
• GREENSBORO, North Carolina

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PANEL MEMBERS

• Charlie BEARD, U.S. Poultry Egg Association
• John A. ELLIS, Western College of Veterinary
  Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
• Paul KITCHING, National Centre for Foreign Animal
  Disease, Canada
• Thomas McKENNA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center
• Paul-Pierre PASTORET (Chair), Biotechnology and
  Biological Sciences Research Council, United
  Kingdom
• Willie M. REED, Diagnostic Center for Population
  and Animal Health, Michigan State University
• Ron D. SCHULTZ, School of Veterinary Medicine,
  University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Paul SUNDBERG, National Pork Board

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS GREENSBORO MEETING

• Review of key ARS accomplishments in Brucellosis,
  Tuberculosis and Johnes Disease research
• Review of key ARS accomplishments in
  Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Classical Swine Fever
  research
• Review of key ARS accomplishments in
  Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE)
  research
• Review of key ARS accomplishments in Avian
  influenza and Newcastle Disease research
• ARS action Plan and Impact on Animal Health

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LISTS OF TARGET SPECIES AND THE MEMBERS IN CHARGE

• Poultry (Charlie BEARD)
• Swine (Paul SUNDBERG)
• Dairy cattle (Ron SCHULTZ)
• Beef cattle (John ELLIS)
• Small ruminants (Paul KITCHING)
• Equine (Willie REED)
• Wildlife (Thomas McKENNA)

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RESEARCH COMPONENTS

• Pathogens detection and Diagnostics
• Microbial Genomics
• Animal Immunology
• Mechanisms of Diseases
• Genetic resistance to Diseases
• Epidemiology of Diseases
• Strategies to control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases

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PATHOGENS DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS

• THE GOAL IS TO PRODUCE A NEW GENERATION OF
  DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
• EXAMPLES
• Anaplasmosis
• Avian influenza
• Classical Swine Fever
• Chronic Wasting Disease
• Johnes Disease
• Listeriosis
• Newcastle Disease
• Toxoplasmosis
• Trichinellosis
• Tuberculosis

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MICROBIAL GENOMICS

• THE GOAL IS TO USE GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
  PATHOGENS TO SOLVE DISEASE PROBLEMS
• EXAMPLES
• Evolution and Adaptation of avian influenza
  viruses
• Virulence characteristics of Bovine Viral
  Diarrhoea (BVD) virus strains
• Identification of candidate Antigens for vaccines
  against Johnes Disease and Leptospirosis
• Pathogenesis of Poxvirus infections

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ANIMAL IMMUNOLOGY

• THE GOAL IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE IMMUNE
  SYSTEM OF THE TARGET SPECIES
• EXAMPLES
• Development of reagents to study the immune
  responses in poultry
• Development of reagents to study the immune
  responses in swine
• Development of immunomodulators for Avian
  coccidiosis
• Development of immunomodulators for Bovine
  mastitis

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MECHANISMS OF DISEASES

• THE GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND PATHOGENESIS AT THE
  MOLECULAR LEVEL
• EXAMPLES
• Identification of virus Genes involved in the
  pathogenesis of Mareks Disease
• Identification of toxins in Pine needle abortion
• Determination of Host cell gene expression
  patterns in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
  Syndrome infection

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GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASES

• THE GOAL IS TO USE INFORMATION ON THE LIVESTOCK
  GENOMES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF DISEASES
• EXAMPLES
• Development of a genetic test for Resistance to
  Avian Leukosis virus infections
• Identification of candidate Resistance genes to
  Mareks Disease in poultry
• Development of genetic tools to breed sheep for
  Resistance to Scrapie
• Development of a genotyping system linked to
  infection phenotype in beef cattle

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISEASES

• THE GOAL IS TO FOSTER EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
  INTO RESEARCH PROGRAMS
• EXAMPLES
• Circulation of Avian influenza virus in live bird
  markets
• Source of Avian Pneumovirus of turkeys and wild
  birds
• Trace backs of Brucellosis
• Shedding pattern of Malignant Catarrhal Fever
  virus in sheep
• Neosporosis as a cause of abortion in cattle and
  the role of the dogs on farm
• Role of White-tailed deer in cattle Tuberculosis
• Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus infections
  in the USA

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SRATEGIES TO CONTROL INFECTIOUS AND
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• THE GOAL IS TO INTEGRATE RESEARCH INFORMATION
  INTO APPLIED SOLUTIONS
• EXAMPLES
• Control of Foot-and-Mouth virus infections
• Prevention of milk fever in cows
• Vaccination of laying hens against Mycoplasma
  infection
• Marker vaccine against Newcastle Disease
• Swine influenza vaccine in face of maternal
  antibodies

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DEFINITION OF IMPACT

• For the purpose of the Assessment IMPACT was
  defined as research that has or will
  significantly influence the field of science,
  create economic opportunities for Producers and
  Farmers, or enable action and regulatory Agencies
  to formulate Policies and Regulations to support
  American agriculture

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RATING SCORE

• VERY LARGE IMPACT gt or 7.0
• LARGE IMPACT 5.1 to 6.9
• SOME IMPACT 3.1 to 5.0
• SMALL IMPACT 1.1 to 3.0
• NO IMPACT lt 1.1

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FOCUS ON SUB-CATEGORIES

• Regulatory Agencies control programs (APHIS)
• Diagnostic discovery
• Vaccine discovery
• Technology transfers
• Zoonoses/public Health
• Biological threat agents
• Foreign animal diseases

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TWO MAIN QUESTIONS

• What would you say are our strengths? What
  activities or research should ARS continue to
  have maximum impact in the future?
• In your opinion, are there activities or research
  programs ARS should discontinue since it has
  little or no impact

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A QUESTION TO THE STAKEHOLDERS

• WHAT ARE THE MAJOR INITIATIVES THAT ARS SHOULD
  FOCUS ON IN THE NEXT 5-YEAR PROGRAM CYCLE WHAT
  ARE THE RESEARCH PRIORITIES?

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POULTRY

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics Very large
  (8.0)
• Microbial Genomics Very large (7.0)
• Animal Immunology Very large (7.0)
• Mechanisms of Diseases Some impact (4.5)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases Large (6.5)
• Epidemiology of Diseases Some impact (4.5)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases Large (6.0)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating Large Impact
  (6.2)

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SWINE

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics Very large
  (8.0)
• Microbial Genomics Very large (7.0)
• Animal Immunology Very large (7.0)
• Mechanisms of Diseases Some impact (4.0)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases Some impact (3.5)
• Epidemiology of Diseases Some impact (4.5)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases Large impact (6.0)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating Large Impact
  (5.7)

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DAIRY CATTLE

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics some impact
  (4.8)
• Microbial Genomics large impact (5.3)
• Animal Immunology large impact (5.2)
• Mechanisms of Diseases some impact (4.8)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases some impact (4.5)
• Epidemiology of Diseases some impact (4.9)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases some impact (4.9)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating some impact (4.9)

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BEEF CATTLE

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics some impact
  (4.9)
• Microbial Genomics large impact (5.4)
• Animal Immunology large impact (5.8)
• Mechanisms of Diseases large impact (5.2)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases large impact
  (6.0)
• Epidemiology of Diseases large impact (5.5)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases large impact (5.0)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating large impact
  (5.4)

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SMALL RUMINANTS

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics some impact
  (4.5)
• Microbial Genomics large impact (5.6)
• Animal Immunology large impact (5.3)
• Mechanisms of Diseases large impact (5.3)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases some impact (5.0)
• Epidemiology of Diseases large impact (5.1)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases some impact (4.7)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating large impact
  (5.1)

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EQUINE

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics small impact
  (3.0)
• Microbial Genomics small impact (3.0)
• Animal Immunology small impact (3.0)
• Mechanisms of Diseases small impact (2.4)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases No Research (NA)
• Epidemiology of Diseases some impact (4.0)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases small impact (2.5)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating small impact
  (2.9)

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WILDLIFE

• Pathogens Detection and Diagnostics large impact
  (5.8)
• Microbial Genomics large impact (6.0)
• Animal Immunology large impact (6.8)
• Mechanisms of Diseases large impact (6.7)
• Genetic Resistance to Diseases some impact (4.0)
• Epidemiology of Diseases large impact (5.6)
• Strategies to Control infectious and
  non-infectious Diseases large impact (5.8)
• Overall (Average) Impact Rating large impact
  (5.8)

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ARS ANIMAL HEALTH GOALS AND MISSION

• The mission of the Animal Health National Program
  is to conduct basic and applied research on
  selected diseases of economic importance to the
  United States Livestock and Poultry industries
• Goals of the research mission are to produce
  Knowledge and Technology to reduce economic
  losses from infectious, genetic, and metabolic
  diseases of livestock and poultry

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SOME REMARKS

• Numerous target Species
• Limited Resources
• Multiplicity of Duties
• Scientific Evolution and Adaptation
• Emerging Diseases
• Importance of Wildlife
• Few equine research
• Research needs vary according to the Industry
• Research Program must be highly prioritized

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RETROSPECTIVE OVERALL ASSESSMENT

• THE ARS SCIENTISTS PRODUCE GOOD AND USEFUL
  SCIENCE IN THE FIELD OF ANIMAL HEALTH FOR THE
  BENEFIT OF THE LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRIES
  OF THE UNITED STATES

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CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 1

• Increased use of large Flow genomic information
• Choices not only problems derived but also
  scientifically driven
• Necessity for standby research activities
• Agro-and Bio-Terrorisms
• Emerging Infections
• Be aware of scientific evolution
• Take into account wildlife role while preserving
  the environment and maintaining Biodiversity

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CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 2

• ANIMAL HEALTH IS A KEY COMPONENT FOR THE
  SUSTAINABILITY OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL
  WELFARE, AS WELL AS HEALTHY HUMAN FOOD ANIMAL
  RESEARCH SHOULD NEVER BE NEGLECTED

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STAKEHOLDERS ELECTRONIC SURVEY
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Please indicate your primary affiliation
117 Respondents thus far
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Please indicate the commodity you work with most
frequently
117 Respondents thus far
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How would you assess the overall impact ARS
research has had over the last 5 years?
Over 90 respondents relay some to very large
overall impact (3 to 5 rating out of 5)
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How would you assess the impact ARS research has
had on the commodity you work with most
frequently?
Select Commodity (number of respondents)
No respondent replies no impact Only 8/117
respondents reply small impact
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How would you assess the impact ARS research has
had on the disease of highest concern to you?
Over 90 respondents relay some to very large
impact in disease area (3 to 5 rating out of 5)
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What are the priority diseases?
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Is research performed in the Animal Health
National Program over the last 5 years relevant?
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Is research performed in the Animal Health
National Program over the last 5 years relevant?
Select Commodity (number of respondents)
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