Introduction to Animal Science

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Introduction to Animal Science

• Mr. Bushman

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Domestication

• The animals
• Valued
• Breeding is subject to human control
• Survival depends on humans
• Behavior is changed in domestication
• Feed and water is controlled!

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Domestication Across Globe

• 1. Near East (Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago.

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Domestication Across Globe

• 2. South China 8,500 years ago

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Domestication Across Globe

• 3. North China 7,700 years ago.

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Domestication Across Globe

• 4. Africa 4,000 years ago.

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Domestication Across Globe

• 5. South Central Andes 4,500 years ago

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Domestication Across Globe

• 6. Central Mexico 4,700 years ago.

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Domestication Across Globe

• 7. Eastern United States 4,500 years ago

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Domestication
Specie When Where Why
Dog 14,000 Years Ago. Old World Companionship
Sheep 10,700 Years Ago. Old World Food, Milk and Clothing
Goat 9,000 Years Ago. Old World Food, Clothing and Milk
Pig 9,000 Years Ago. Old World Food Sport
Cattle 6,500 Years Ago. Old World Religious Reasons
Chicken 5,500 Years Ago. India Food, Cockfights, Religion
Horse 5,000 Years Ago. Old World Food Transport
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Domestication

• Terms
• Wild Animal
• Not genetically altered by selective breeding.
• Exotic Animal
• Wild animal not native to country.
• Example, not from USA or Canada, etc

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Domestication

• Terms
• Feral Animal
• A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no
  human assistance.
• Breed
• A population of domestic animals, that the
  individual may vary in genotype and phenotype.

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Historical Perspective
8,000 BC Domestication
776 BC First Olympic Games
334 BC Alexander the Great used Calvary to conquer
1066 AD Stirrups invented
1598 AD Cattle brought into the US by Spanish
1867 AD Cattle Drives to Railroad
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Historical Perspective
1884 AD USDA began
1905 AD DHIA was Established(Dairy Records)
1914 AD Extension Service

• Homestead Act played a huge part of the livestock
  industry in the US
• Land was free rather then cheap

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Animal Science

• Animal Contributions

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Functions of Livestock

• Contributions to Humans
• Food
• Clothing
• Power
• Recreation
• Research

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Animal Contributions

• Power
• Horse
• Mules
• Donkeys, Burrows
• Oxen
• Recreation
• Pleasure Horses
• Livestock Show Competition
• Rodeo

• Food
• Meat
• Milk
• Eggs
• Clothing
• Wool
• Leather
• Hair
• Fur

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Animal Science Industry

• What is considered Animal Science ?

• Dairy Cattle
• Beef Cattle
• Sheep
• Swine
• Goats
• Horses
• Poultry

• Ostrich Emu
• Deer
• Bison
• Aquaculture
• Llamas
• Rare Breeds
• Small Animals

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Top Producing States

• Beef Industry
• 1. Texas
• 2. Kansas
• 3. Nebraska
• 4. Oklahoma
• 5. California

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Top Producing States

• Dairy Production Industry
• 1. California
• 2. Wisconsin
• 3. New York
• 4. Pennsylvania
• 5. Michigan
• 6. Idaho

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Top Producing States

• Sheep Production Industry
• 1. Texas
• 2. California
• 3. Wyoming
• 4. Colorado
• 5. South Dakota

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Top Producing States

• Swine Production Industry
• 1. Iowa
• 2. North Carolina
• 3. Michigan
• 4. Illinois
• 5. Indiana

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Top Producing States

• Layers Production Industry
• 1. California
• 2. Ohio
• 3. Indiana
• 4. Pennsylvania
• 5. Iowa

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Top Producing States-----

• Broilers Production Industry
• 1. Arkansas
• 2. Georgia
• 3. Alabama
• 4. North Carolina
• 5. Mississippi

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Animal Production - General
Purebred Producer
Commercial Producers
Farm Herd or Flock
Farm Feeding
Commercial Feedlot
Direct to Processor
Auction or Market
Terminal Market
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Conception to Consumption
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Gender Terms for Livestock

• Beef
• Cow Female that has had offspring
• Heifer Female that has never given birth
• Bull Male with testicles
• Steer Castrated Bull

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Gender Terms for Livestock

• Swine
• Sow Female that has had offspring
• Guilt Female that has never given birth
• Boar Male with testicles
• Barrow Castrated Boar

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Gender Terms for Livestock

• Sheep
• Ewe Female
• Ram Male with testicles
• Weither Castrated Ram
• Horse
• Mare Female Horse
• Stallion Male with testicles
• Gelding Castrated Stallion