Kingdom Protista

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Kingdom Protista

• protozoans, algae, molds, and mildews

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Protozoans

• Heterotrophic
• Unicellular
• Animal-like (-zo-)

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Phylum Rhizopoda

• Move by pseudopodia
• Example is Amoeba
• can cause dysentery

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Phylum Zoomastigina

• Trichonympha pictured at right
• Has mutualistic relationship with termites that
  allows them to digest wood
• Note flagella

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Phylum Zoomastigina

• Pictured at left is a sample of human blood
  infected with Trypanosoma protozoans
• Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness

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Phylum Ciliophora

• Pictured at left is Paramecium
• note nucleus, oral groove and cilia

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Phylum Sporozoa

• Parasitic
• Reproduce by spores
• Cause malaria in millions of people worldwide
  annually

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Plasmodium
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Malaria

• How common is malaria?
• The World Health Organization estimates that
  yearly 300-500 million cases of malaria occur and
  more than 1 million people die of malaria. About
  1,200 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the
  United States each year. Most cases in the United
  States are in immigrants and travelers returning
  from malaria-risk areas.

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Malaria

• What are the signs and symptoms of malaria?
• Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like
  illness, including shaking chills, headache,
  muscle aches, and tiredness. Nausea, vomiting,
  and diarrhea may also occur. Malaria may cause
  anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin
  and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells.
  Infection with one type of malaria, Plasmodium
  falciparum, if not promptly treated, may cause
  kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma,
  and death.
• How soon will a person feel sick after being
  bitten by an infected mosquito?
• For most people, symptoms begin 10 days to 4
  weeks after infection, although a person may feel
  ill as early as 8 days or up to 1 year later. Two
  kinds of malaria, P. vivax and P. ovale, can
  relapse some parasites can rest in the liver for
  several months up to 4 years after a person is
  bitten by an infected mosquito . When these
  parasites come out of hibernation and begin
  invading red blood cells, the person will become
  sick.

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Malaria worldwide
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The vector - Anopheles
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Algae

• Through photosynthesis produce about 50 of the
  Earths oxygen.
• Most are autotrophic
• Important as base of many food chains

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Phylum Euglenophyta

• Called euglenoids
• Unicellular
• Have flagellum

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Euglenoids

• At right is Euglena
• note the single flagellum
• Usually photosynthetic, but when kept in darkness
  becomes heterotrophic

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Phylum Bacillariophyta

• Called diatoms
• Shells made of silica
• Some have complex form

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Diatoms
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More diatoms
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Had enough diatoms yet?
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Phylum Dinoflagellata

• 2 flagella at right angles
• Mostly marine organisms
• Cause red tide

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Dinoflagellates
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More dinoflagellates
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Phylum Rhodophyta

• Called red algae
• seaweed
• Red color allows it to live deeper in the ocean
  and absorb green and blue wavelengths of light

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Red algae
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Phylum Phaeophyta
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Brown algae
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Phylum Chlorophyta

• Green algae
• photosynthetic

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Green algae
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Slime molds
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Downy Mildew
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Phytophthera infestans

• Mildew that caused the Irish Potato Famine
• Infects roots, tubers and leaves of potato plants
  (and other plants)