Country Reports: Report on Future Plans for Improving Air Quality

1
Country Reports Report on Future Plans for
Improving Air Quality

• Glynda Bathan
• Coordinator, CAI-Asia Secretariat

2
Country Networking Session

• Participants from 11 countries gathered in
  separate networks
  
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia,
  Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
  Thailand, and Vietnam
  
• Objective To discuss how each country can
  translate the shared experiences and lessons
  learned in BAQ 2004 into actions that will result
  in better air quality

3
General Comments

• There were very many ideas from the participants
  that we ran out of time. Phan Quynh Nhu,
  Vietnam
  
• It was a good opportunity to set goals for the
  next two years. Jojie Manalaysay, Philippines
  
• I have never seen so many people coming to a
  meeting from different parts of the country. I
  had to speak louder so everyone could hear.
  Ridwan Tamin, Indonesia
• The session was very dynamic and focused. Yan
  Peng, China

4
Bangladesh

• Reduction of sulfur in diesel
• More dedicated CNG buses
• PM10 to be reduced
• Better and efficient solid waste management
• Construction sites to be regulated
• Minibus or smaller vehicles to be discouraged
• Unpaved part of roads either to be paved or made
  green
  
• Awareness program
• Inspection and maintenance

5
Bhutan

• Initiate implementation of the AQM strategy for
  Bhutan
  
• Initiate implementation of the AQM action plan
  for the capital city, Thimphu
  
• Adopt preliminary ambient air quality standards
• Adopt and enforce industrial emission standards
• Enhance the activities of the AQM network

6
China

• Further define the organizational structure for
  the China network
  
• CAI-Asia China Network as a vehicle to bring
  together different players in AQM, with SEPA as
  the leading government agency for the network
  
• Conduct structured consultation with network
  members
  
• Consultation of players should include all
  stakeholders (such as cities, other government
  agencies, NGOs, academics, and experts)
  
• Emission apportionment studies
• Identify priorities where the network can add
  value to existing or planned AQM programs

7
Indonesia

• Phase-out leaded gasoline nationwide by 2005
• Adoption and implementation of National Action
  Plan on Integrated Vehicle Emission Reduction
  
• Developing I/M regulation for private cars and
  motorcycles
  
• Encourage city planning to have more
  environment-friendly road design and development
  
• Reform urban public transport
• Improve and optimize national air quality
  monitoring system
  
• Use CNG for Bus Way in Jakarta
• Parliament issues the Local Act on Air quality
  improvement management
  

8
Nepal

• Increased awareness on air quality issues
• Improved I M system
• Additional research including emission inventory
  in Kathmandu Valley

9
Philippines

• Periodic review of Air Quality Action Plan
• Consistent Air Quality Monitoring
• Engage LGUs in air quality management and address
  sustainability
  
• Mobile Sources
• Intensify anti-smoke belching campaign
• Operationalize citizens suit against owners of
  smoke belching vehicles
  
• MVIS to be implemented in small scale for gross
  polluters
  
• Euro 2 standards for new vehicles and standard
  for 2nd hand vehicles
  
• Form multi-sectoral group to explore cost
  effective, mass transport solutions (e.g., BRT,
  bike lanes, pedestrianization)
  
• Engage LGUs in anti-smoke belching campaign
  especially pollution from tricycles
  
• Improve Fuel Quality
• CNG mother-daughter stations up and running
  midyear 2005
  
• Ethanol to be made part of fuel mix
• Euro 2 for gasoline (lower sulphur),
  implementation by 1st quarter 2005
  
• Expand Clean Air Campaign to include Area
  Sources
  
• Indoor Air Pollution
• Anti-smoking campaign

10
Pakistan

• Awareness raising aimed at generating public
  support/concern for air quality improvement
  
• Legislation establish ambient air quality
  standards
  
• Improved coordination among stakeholders working
  closely with provincial and city district
  governments
  
• Trial testing of I/M with private sector
  involvement
  
• Phaseout of 2-stroke auto rickshaws in major
  cities

11
Sri Lanka

• Main goal To reduce present PM10 by 35 (base
  year 2003) and other pollutants proportionately
  
• Introduce emission standards for power plants
• Regular monitoring of rundown plants auditing of
  power plants
  
• Amend the National Environment Act giving more
  powers to the general public
  
• Bicycle lanes for new urban roads
• Ambient air quality monitoring for selected
  cities
  
• Establishment of baseline emission inventory data
  base for high air polluting industries and
  development of mitigation strategy

12
Thailand

• Formulation of Air Quality Management Plan
• National Master Plan on AQM aims to reduce PM in
  8 major cities National Master Plan on Open
  Burning Control Local AQM Action Plan Bangkok
  Metropolitan Region and Chiang Mai
• Improving public transport and transport
  management
  
• Diesel pollution reduction strategies (Cleaner
  city bus in Bangkok) Promoting bike lane in
  major cities Implementing public transportation
  in Chiang Mai Promoting the use of Biodiesel for
  public transportation
• Strengthening institutional effectiveness
• Broadening public participation
• Establishment of local network

13
Vietnam

• National Master Plan for AQ monitoring developed
• Capacity building on AQ monitoring through
  training, exchanges, focusing on QA\QC, data
  management
  
• Awareness raising for public on air pollution and
  health effects
  
• Reductions of vehicular emissions through
  tightening fuel quality specifications and
  issuance of road map for Euro 3 standard
  
• Emission inventories for Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
  City
  
• National Air Quality monitoring database
  developed
  
• Study on Air Pollution Health Poverty in Ho
  Chi Minh City (HCMC) completed
  
• A distance training program on AQM implemented
  with support from CATNet

14
India
PUC system to be improved/I and M programs to be
introduced Emission factors for vehicles Altern
atives to petrol/diesel (EV, CNG, LPG, H2 fuel)
Creation of Air Quality database and
dissemination and forecasting Prevention and cont
rol of roadside dust Revision of list of critical
ly polluted areas based on current air quality
data

• Strengthen and augment existing air quality
  monitoring network
  
• Strengthen QA\QC through Regional Calibration
  Centers
  
• Fine PM emission inventories and source
  apportionment studies
  
• Baseline environmental health data
• Decision support systems
• Environmental awareness programs especially for
  school children
  
• Hazardous pollutants to be included in AQM
  including odor, haze
  

15
How goals can be achieved

• Skills training and distance learning program
• Media/awareness campaign
• Strengthen enforcement and compliance
• Strengthen institutional effectiveness
• Broaden public participation
• Engage local government units in air quality
  management efforts
  
• Showcase best practices
• Undertake pilot projects
• Put in place policies and legislation on clean
  air at local and national levels
  
• Invest in infrastructure for air quality
  monitoring
  

16
Who should be involved

• Government (national and local), private sector
  companies, industry associations, NGOs, media,
  academe, international development agencies

What resources are required and how they will be
provided
Internal resources (government and industry)
External resources (e.g., World Bank, ADB,
USAID/USAEP, UNEP, UNDP, WHO, bilateral
programs) Political, technical, financial, and pu
blic support
17
Session Facilitators

• Nooruddin Ahmed, Bangladesh
• Nedup Tshering, Bhutan
• Yan Peng, China
• Dilip Biswas, India
• Ahmad Safrudin, Indonesia
• Bhushan Tuladhar, Nepal
• Arif Pervaiz, Pakistan
• Jojie Manalaysay, Philippines
• Don Jayaweera, Sri Lanka
• Mingquan Wichayarangsaridh, Thailand
• Phan Quynh Nhu, Vietnam