ITER-China Project

1
ITER-China Project

• Huo YuPing
• PT Leader, ITER-China Chief scientist

2
Design - Main Features
Central Solenoid Nb3Sn, 6 modules
Blanket Module 440 modules
Vacuum Vessel 9 sectors
Poloidal Field Coil Nb-Ti, 6
Cryostat 24 m high x 28 m dia.
Toroidal Field Coil Nb3Sn, 18, wedged
Port Plug (IC Heating) 6 heating 3 test
blankets 2 limiters/RH rem. diagnostics
Fusion Power 500 MW Plasma Volume 840
m3 Nominal Plasma Current 15 MA Typical
Temperature 20 keV Typical Density 1020 m-3

• Divertor
• 54 cassettes

Torus Cryopump 8 units
3
China Has Officially Joined the ITER Project

• The end of 2002, China announced to join the ITER
  Project Negotiation with some Commitments.
• Oct. 2005, six parties agreed to select Cadarache
  as the ITER site.
• March 2006, Finishing the negotiation for
  International Agreement.
• May 2006, Ministers 0f CN, EU, IN, KO, JP, RU, US
  primarily signing the ITER International
  Agreement.

4
ITER Construction

• Engineering Design (EDA 2001) , Ten years
  construction. Now will begin the Design Review.
• Near 4100 kIAU, 46 by EU, 9 by each of other
  six parties.
• Components of 2400 kIAU have been distributed to
  the seven parties.
• International Organization headed by DG and PDDG

5
Within the process of Negotiation

• Hard negotiation. China agreed the final draft of
  International Agreement.
• Furious debate inside the Chinese scientific
  community, but all MCF people well supported to
  join ITER project.
• Supports by the political leaders make this big
  project to be very special.

6
Contributions by ChinaProcurement Allocation

• We need to consider some high-tech packages but
  mores should be within our industrial
  capabilities.
• Superconductors and related components,
• Conductor
• NbTi 67, 43.8km, 48.57kIUA
• Nb3Sn 7.5, 11km, 16.2kIUA
• Feeder 100,26.2kIUA
• Correction Coils100, 2.6kIUA

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Contributions by ChinaProcurement Allocation

• Blancket First Wall10, 8.7kIUA Blancket
  Shield 40, 23.2kIUA.
• Power Supply
• High Voltage Station100, 21kIUA,
• AC-DC Convertors62, 51kIUA.
• OthersMagnet Supporters100, 22.85kIUA,
  Diagnostics3.3, total44.18kIUA
• Total Contribution by Procurment241.7kIUA. We
  have arranged 20Tasks, and will arrange 12 Tasks
  for preparation.

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Contributions by China

• 10 Manpower in IO will be Chinese, half of them
  will be directly supported by China as
  Secondment.We have sent seven and will send
  further.
• Free Currencies.
• Scientific Contribution by our two upgraded
  devices( especially EAST) combining with
  theoretical and simulation works. ITPA?

9
Why China Has Kept Fusion Research, smaller but
steadily growing, for more than forty years, and
finally join the ITER project?
10
Energy Consumption will increase fast, to 4-5
billions STCE in next decades

• Economics will grow up continuously .
• Population will grow up to 1.6-2 Billions.
• Energy consumption per person should not be too
  low compared with that of the present developed
  countries.
• This will be inevitable, and is the basic
  difference with the developed countries

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Major Part of our Energy Consumption will be by
Fossil Fuel, Especially by Coal.

• We have limited oil or gas resources.
• Hydropower will not be enough.
• To develop hundreds GW Fission Power, there will
  be very serious difficulties.
• Round 2050, we need to burn near 4-5BT coal per
  year. This situation should not last too long.

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No one could deny that, Non-fossil Energy
Source will be crucial for the future of China,
and the whole world

• China needs to realize Fusion Energy, as earlier
  as possible.

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Why China Joined ITER Project

• Energy Demand Environment Degrade gt Should
  emphasize the Fusion Energy RD
• It is possible through joining ITER Project to
  elevate the Chinese Fusion Research to a new
  level and ,in the future, to enter DEMO stage
  simultaneously with other countries.
• ITER Project has integrated many high, or new,
  technologies.
• Further open our door in Science and Technology
  Areas, to a new level.

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China Should Has a Comprehensive Fusion Energy
RD Program.

• Joining ITER Project should be, but only, the
  main part of our Fusion Program, to accelerate
  the our process to enter DEMO stage,
  simultaneously with other advanced countries.
• We need, in additional, a domestic program to
  complement or support the ITER Project, and ask
  Government to approve it simultaneously.
• We need to explain the worldwide and domestic
  Fusion Energy Programs for Chinese People,
  especially for Our Scientific Community.

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Should be successful to join ITER Project

• It is a very hard and special Project in China
• It is very big, near ten billion Yuan, high-Tech
  project.
• It is very extensive international
  collaboration, 7
• parties with half population of the world.
• It is unanimously supported by MCF community,
  but
• strongly opposed by some high-top
  scientists.
• It was opposed by some political persons but has
  been
• supported by high-top political leaders.
• We have not to be failure, even to make some
  significant mistakes.

16
Should be successful to join ITER Project

• Procurement packages We will sign and arrange 32
  tasks with IT and have got financial support by
  973 Program. Now our products, in laboratory
  scale, all already meet the requirements of ITER
  Design.
• The crucial point is
• To send high quality team to IO
• To collect and to train up enough many
  talents,
• scientific or engineering, as soon as possible.

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Domestic Part of our MCF Program

• To support up-grading EASTand HL-2A to be able to
  make contribution to ITER Project
• 8MW ICRF and 8MW LHCD to EAST
• Enlarge plasma volume with new Divertor and 6MW
  NBI for HL-2A .
• Basic Tokamak Physics , Plasma Physics Education
  and Training for Fusion Technology.
• 150MYuan for 5 years.

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Domestic Part of our MCF Program

• Fusion Technologies such as TBM tech. plasma
  heating tech. divertor tech. et al.
• Reactor studies, mainly for DEMO.
• Reactor material studies such as first wall,
  high heat-flux plate, .., development and
  testing.

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Possible Important Physical Problems for ITER

• Burning Tokamak Plasma behaviors Should be
  studied experimentally on ITER, but could do some
  by theoretical and numerical simulations.
• Reliably to stabilize the plasma tore, it should
  control the bootstrap current. It is necessary to
  study the properties and the way to control the
  bootstrap current.

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Possible Important Physical Problems for ITER

• To study how to realize high power, very
  long-pulsed discharge in big Superconducting
  Tokamaks. To study very slow processes in high
  power, long-pulsed discharge.
• Numerical and particle simulation of long pulsed
  discharge.