Title: Municipal Solid Waste Management : Role of NGOs, Rag Pickers and Public Sectors
1Municipal Solid Waste Management Role of NGOs,
Rag Pickersand Public Sectors
- Dr. Naveen Kumar
- Bihar State Pollution Control Board
CENC, Patna University, Patna. The14th of
September,2009.
2Man - Environment Interactions Air, Water, Soil,
Other resources Utilization of resources -
Development a continuos process Unsustainable
Use of Natural Resources Pressure on natures
vital components Degradation of
Natural Resource Pollution Contamination
Risk
Human health
On Ecology
Monitoring of Symptoms
Information leads to awareness
Pinpointing Segregation of problems
Management, Control Action
3The Worlds changing scenario
- Past
- Fast population build up
- Transition from agriculture to industrial society
- Development thrust - more goods and services
per person
4The Worlds changing scenario
Present
Affected
- Inadequate 2.0 Billion people
- sanitation
- Unsafe water 1.0 Billion people
- Air pollution 1.3 Billion people
- Indoor air pollution 0.7 Billion people
- Depletion of forest One football field every
second
5The Worlds changing scenario
Future ( by 2025)
- Population Growth 3.7 billion people
- Food Production Double
- Industrial Output Triple
- Energy use (globally) Triple
- Energy use Five fold (Developing world)
6Pollution Vs. Nature
Population Growth
Industrial Growth
Increase in pollution load beyond assimilative
capacity of the nature
Degradation of the environment
7Solid Waste Land Pollution
8The GARBAGE Menace
- Piles of Unattended Garbage on the roadsides
- Overflowing landfills
- Choked sewers, streams and rivers
- Stink, flies, stray animals
- Diseases like cholera, jaundice, gastroenteritis
9- The garbage menace is because of
- Consumerism
- Waste Mismanagement
The Earth provides enough for every mans need,
but not enough for every mans greed. - Mahatma
Gandhi
10Where does all the garbage go?
11How much waste do we throw away ?
- India generates 100,000 tonnes of garbage per
day which means lining up trucks full of garbage
bumper to bumper for 375 km. - Average per capita garbage generation per day -
500 grams
12PER CAPITA QUANTITY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES IN
INDIAN URBAN CENTRES
Population Range (in million) Average Per Capita Generation (Kg/Day)
0.1-0.5 0.21
0.5-1.0 0.25
1.0-2.0 0.27
2.0-5.0 0.35
gt5.0 0.50
13 Doomsday Scenario
- If our habits continue by the year 2025
- Garbage generation will increase from 500 gm to
950 gm/capita/day - Total garbage generation will increase 4.5 times
- Paper packaging will increase from 2.7 kg to
8.5kg/capita/year - Plastic packaging will increase from 2.1kg to
10kg/capita/year
14What is in household waste?
When the garbage was scrutinized, 95 of it was
found to have a economic value.
- Of the total waste
- 35-45 is biodegradable i.e. kitchen or garden
waste - 35 is recyclable i.e.metal, paper and plastic.
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16- Releases of harmful gases due to burning of
waste - Release of harmful landfill gases
- Unhygienic conditions
- Loss of prime land
- Formation of leachate leading to ground water
contamination
17Land Pollution
18Land Pollution
- Sources of land pollution
- Industry Activity
- Mining Activity
- Domestic
- Sewage
- Garbage
19Land pollution
- Types of pollutants
- Non hazardous (Domestic, paper, agriculture
waste) - Hazardous (Industrial, Hospital,)
20Effects
- Infectious waste - can create a disaster or an
epidemic
- Non-Infectious waste - can cause pollution and
help in nourishing the pathogens
21 Local Action
Preventive environment management strategies and
not end-of-the-pipe treatment
- The zero garbage mantra
- Eliminate
- Reduce
- Treat Locally
- Most importantly prevent it from going to the
landfill
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23 A Community Problem, A Community Solution
Its our Garbage, We produced it, We must
take care of it.
24Treat Locally
25- Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI has
notified The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management
and Handling) Rules, 2000 vide its Notification
No. S.O. 908(E) dated 25.09.2000 under The
Environment Protection Act, 1986.
26Responsibility of Municipal Authority
- Every municipal authority shall, within the
territorial area of the municipality, be
responsible for the implementation of the
provisions of these rules, and for any
infrastructure development for collection,
storage, segregation, transportation, processing
and disposal of municipal solid wastes.
27Responsibilities of SPCB
- To consider the grant of authorization for
setting up waste processing and disposal facility
and landfills to municipal authorities or a
private operator after considering the views of
other agencies. - To monitor the compliance with standards
regarding groundwater, ambient air, leachate,
compost quality and incineration standards.
28Responsibilities of State Govt.
- The Secretary in charge of the Department of
Urban Development will have the overall
responsibility of the implementation of MSWR.
29Responsibilities of CPCB
- To coordinate with the State Boards.
- To monitor the implementation of guidelines and
standards. - Review of standards and guidelines.
- Compilation of monitoring data.
- To prepare a consolidated report based on SPCB
reports for the Central Govt., before the 15th of
December each year.
30Partners in Waste Management
- Communities
- Non Government and other organizations
- Informal Sector
- Private Entrepreneurs
- Municipal Authorities
31- Academic Institutions
- Tech/Sc research
- Awareness amongst youth
- Latest practices
- Perception building amongst P.P.C.
- Enthuse Pvt. Sector
- Remind Public Sector of its responsibilities
- Sensitize Community about their environment
their active participation
32Objectives of Sound SWM Program
- Public Sector
- Healthy community-more productivity
- Employment generating economic activity/Labour
Intensive - Involve youth Corp/NCC/ACC etc.
- Private Sector
- Commercial return through economic activity
- Community
- Clean environment
- less disease
- healthy, long life
33Role of Communities
- Active involvement in segregation and collection
of waste at the household and community level. - Collective responsibility of implementation of
various ongoing schemes of the MSWM in their
areas as part of a formal system. - Formation of a Core Group.
- Participate in Policy making.
34Communities
- The Municipal Authorities may offer incentives to
such communities and coordinate with them. - In Ludhiana the Municipality has involved the
residents in handling their own waste locally and
has even made money available for this purpose,
from the pool that would otherwise be spent by
the municipality.
35Role of NGOs
- Providing support to communities in segregation
and collection of Waste. - Capacity building for the informal sector.
- Developing managerial, technical and other skills
amongst other sectors required to be able to
participate in new and innovative means of waste
management
36Role of NGOs (contd.)
- Capacity building for the Municipality.
- NGOs should also be able to participate in or
influence policy making. - Monitor the MSWM Systems.
- The efforts taken by NGOs must be based upon
formal contracts entered into between the
Municipality and the NGO.
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38Awareness and education programmes
- Recycling and reuse of waste streams
- Segregation of waste at household level
- Increased awareness on solid waste management
- Provision of adequate facilities for storage,
collection and transportation - Mobilizing local finances for OM
- Earmarking No Litter Zones
- Unused areas and open areas are free of garbage,
stagnant water - Reduction in open defecation
- Reduced menace of stray dogs, pigs, cows in
spilling garbage at storage and composting site - Demonstration of technology for each of the waste
streams
39Role of Informal Sector
- The informal sector comprises of rag pickers,
kabaris, middlemen and recycling factories, which
pick up and recycle waste in a stream away from
the municipality. - Plays a crucial role.
- Lightens the burden on govt. exchequer and
municipality by recycling. - Generates self-employment.
40Role of Informal Sector (Contd.)
- Collection, segregation and recycling in a more
organized and safe manner. - Creating better living conditions and basic
rights to work, leading to higher productivity. - Creating access to capacity-building programmes
related to waste management. - Formal inclusion in plans for urban areas.
41About 9-15 of Urban Solid Waste are recycled by
Rag Pickers in India
42In Pune, the SNDT and a local Panchayat
comprising of rag pickers, are able to actively
participate in designing policy regarding waste
as well as the informal sector and have
demonstrated a dynamic partnership.
43Role of Municipality
- Apart from segregation, collection,
transportation and disposal of MSW, the Municipal
Authority should - Coordinate with other local civic bodies, NGOs
and Community Based Organizations (CBOs). - Undertake phased programmes to ensure community
participation such as regular meetings with local
resident welfare associations, etc. - Organize awareness programmes.
- Implement Punitive measures.
44Role of Municipality (Contd.)
- Develop mechanisms by which smaller
entrepreneurs, civil society etc. can participate
in new waste management procedures and regimes. - Equip itself to work with a wider section of
society with different needs, such as slums. - Move towards treating SWM as a multi-disciplinary
task.
45Private Entrepreneurs
- In addition to informal sector other Private
Entrepreneurs too can be partnered as required. - However, care must be taken that they do not
displace or run over the informal sector.
The Greater NOIDA Authority now ensures that all
municipal waste collection is being done
privately through contracting.
46An Integrated Programme should Include
Establishment of Scientific Solid Waste
Management System Augment Rain water Harvesting
Reduce Electricity consumption. Improve
resource management Implement poverty
alleviation program Improve sanitary
condition Reduce Water pollution Reduce
fugitive emissions Green Belt Development
Creation of Environment, Health safety EMS
awareness to Municipal employees public On
regular basis
47Wealth from Waste
- Incinerating 10,000 tonnes of waste creates one
job, landfilling the same amount creates six
jobs, recycling it creates 36 jobs. - One tree can filter up to 60 pounds of pollutants
from the air each year. - 20 cans can be made out of recycled material with
the same amount of energy it takes to make a new
one.
48Wealth from Waste
- Recycling provides jobs to approximately 100,000
waste pickers in Delhi. - Tin takes 100 years, aluminum 500 years and glass
a million years to breakdown.
49Tyres and tubes recycling unit
Containers made from old Tyres and tubes used for
carrying water
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51Lamp Shade
52Thank You