Subcortical Neuroanatomy

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Subcortical Neuroanatomy

• Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D.
• University of Florida
• January 23, 2006

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We will cover

• Limbic System
• Subcortical circuits involving basal ganglia
• Thalamocortical circuitry relevant to cognition

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Limbic System
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Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
Fornix
Septum
Mammillary body
Olfactory bulb
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Two Limbic Circuits
Anterior Thalamus
Dorsomedial Thalamus
Mamillothalamic Tract
Mammilary Bodies
Cingulate Gyrus
Orbitofrontal
Amygdalofugal pathways
Fornix
Uncus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
PRPH
Lateral
Medial (Papez)
Bauer, Grande, Valenstein, 2003
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Thalamus
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Basal Ganglia
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Blumenfeld, 2002
Lateral view
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ventral striatum
Blumenfeld, 2002
Anterolateral view
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Basal Ganglia

• Caudate Putamen Striatum
• Putamen Globus Pallidus Lenticular nucleus
• Subthalamic Nucleus
• Substantia Nigra
• Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum also
  considered part of BG

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Integrated Subcortical Circuitry
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General Organization of Frontal
cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic-cortical loops
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Blumenfeld, 2002
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Dorsolateral (Prefrontal) Loop

• Critical for executive function
• Damage produces
• Inflexibility
• Planning
• Problem-solving
• Goal-directed behavior

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Orbitofrontal (Limbic) Loop

• Involved in social and emotional functioning
• Damage produces
• Disinhibition
• Hyperactivity
• Emotional lability
• Aggressiveness
• Reduce self-awareness

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Phineas Gage (1823-1861, accident in 1848)
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Phineas Gages lesion reconstructed (H. Damasio
and R. Frank, 1992)
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Medial Frontal/Cingulate Loop

• Important in behavioral activation
• Damage results in
• Akinetic mutism
• Abulia
• Impairments in spontaneous initiation of behavior

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(Burruss, et. al., Radiology, 2000)
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Motor Activation/Preparation
Heilman, Watson, Valenstein, 2003
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Selective Engagement (Nadeau Crosson, 1997)
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Blood Supply to Cortical and Deep Structures
Blumenfeld, 2002
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Blumenfeld, 2002