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Chapter 9: The Classic Period 17501800

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Title: Chapter 9: The Classic Period 17501800


1
Chapter 9 The Classic Period(1750-1800)
2
Objectives
  • Learn about the shift in attitude from the
    extravagance of the Baroque and Rococo to the
    simplicity, clarity, and balance of the Classic
    era
  • Examine the relationship between the visual arts
    of the Greek and Roman classics and the images of
    the 18th century Classic period
  • Learn about the development of secular music, and
    especially the sonata as a classic form

3
Visual Arts
  • Benjamin West (1738-1820)
  • Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
  • Constance Marie Charpentier (1767-1849)
  • Antonio Canova (1757-1822)
  • Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867)

4
Music
  • Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
  • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
  • Haydns 1st trip to London (1790)
  • Haydns 2nd trip to London (1794)
  • Paris Conservatory founded (1795)
  • Beethovens 1st Symphony finished (1799)

5
Historical Figures Events
  • Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria (1740-1780)
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ((1749-1832)
  • Ben Franklin experiments with electricity (1751)
  • George III of England reigns (1760-1820)
  • Watts steam engine patented (1769)
  • Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
  • Discovery of oxygen (1774)
  • Marie Antoinettes reign as Queen of France
    (1774-1793)
  • American Declaration of Independence (1776)
  • Discovery of Hydrogen (1776)
  • Beginning of French Revolution (1789)
  • White House built (1792)
  • Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette of France beheaded
    (1793)

6
Painting
  • Neoclassicism - a return to the supposed classic
    ideals of the ancients
  • This calm, cool art became a symbol of the revolt
    against the frivolity and elegance of the French
    court
  • Lines were clear and formally balanced, in
    keeping with the Classic ideals of restraint and
    unity

7
Painting
  • Jacques-Louis David
  • Oath of the Horatii, colorplate 44
  • Leader of the Neoclassic movement in
    revolutionary France
  • Roman virtue and readiness to die for liberty
    become the subject of Neoclassic French painting
  • Charpentier
  • Portrait of a Young Woman, called Mlle. Charlotte
    du Val dOgnes, colorplate 45
  • Realistic in its details, sharp lines
  • compare to Rococo painting (Bouchers Madame de
    Pompadour - colorplate 43),

8
Painting
  • Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
  • Among the last French Neoclassic painters
  • The Odalisque with the Slave, colorplate 46
  • An advocate of the Davidian style, his works are
    characterized by sensuousness of line and exotic
    color
  • Benjamin West
  • One of the first noteworthy painters from
    America, he studied in Italy and finally settled
    in England, where he became a friend of King
    George III
  • The Death of General Wolfe, colorplate 47
  • Historical subjects were the source of many of
    his commissions

9
Sculpture
  • Antonio Canova
  • Pauline Borghese as Venus, (fig. 9.1, p.226)
  • Following the lead of painting, Canova portrays
    his patroness as the Greek goddess of love.

10
Music
  • The great music of the Classic Period was a
    product of Germany, not France as in the visual
    arts
  • It stressed perfection of form, lyric melody,
    restrained emotional expression, and homophonic
    texteure
  • Instrumental music was the culmination of the
    Classic style, although Classic composers also
    composed for the opera stage.
  • Sonata-allegro form the Sonata

11
Music
  • Development of the Piano was an important
    influence on the music of the period
  • Classic era music was a revolt against the
    extravagant and diffuse expression of the Baroque
  • The sonata
  • A 3 or 4 movement work for a single instrument,
    such as the piano, or for a combination of
    instruments
  • String quartet (2 violins, viola, cello)
  • Symphony (for an orchestra)
  • Concerto (for solo instrument orchestra)

12
Music
  • The Sonata
  • First movement
  • Sonata-allegro form
  • See outline (ex. 9.1, p.228)
  • Second movement
  • Song form ABA
  • Variation form A A1A2A3etc
  • Third movement
  • Minuet a stately dance form in triple meter
  • Fourth movement
  • Rondo ABACABA

13
Music
  • Franz Joseph Haydn
  • Served Prince Esterházy for 28 years
  • Patronage system still typical for musicians in
    the Classic era
  • Enormous compositional output due to need to
    compose and direct all music for the court
  • Helped to develop/perfect the sonata
  • After the Princes death Haydn was free to accept
    a commission for a set of Symphonies and their
    performance in London
  • Mozart was influenced by Haydns early works, but
    Haydns late symphonies show influence from
    Mozart

14
Music
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Recognized as one of the most nearly perfect
    music composers in the history of Western music
  • He first started to compose before he was 5 ( at
    age 8 he wrote a symphony, at 11, an oratorio and
    at 12 an opera). By age 10 his compositions
    ranked him with the masters of his time
  • He was a child prodigy as a performer (on
    harpsichord and violin) appearing in court
    concerts at age 6, touring Paris, London, Vienna
    and around Europe at age 7
  • Although his personal life was full of turmoil
    his music always reflected the Classic periods
    ideal of objectivity and balance
  • While he desired to be appointed to a position as
    court composer, he was unable to maintain the
    patron/servant relationship
  • He became, instead, one of the first freelance
    musicians, writing in a wide variety of music
    genres from the operatic stage to chamber music,
    and from the church to the ballroom

15
Music
  • Franz Joseph Haydn
  • Symphony No. 94 in G Major (Surprise)
  • 2nd movement
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Symphony No. 40 in G minor
  • 1st movement
  • Don Giovanni
  • Act I - Introduction
  • Piano Concerto in A Major
  • 1st movement

16
  • Next Time
  • Test Ch. 8 9
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