Formation of Drug Nanoparticles using Solvents, Polymers and Cellulose. Measuring Long term stability as a Function of time

1
Formation of Drug Nanoparticles using Solvents,
Polymers and Cellulose. Measuring Long term
stability as a Function of time

• By
• Chintal Desai

2
Dr. Somenath Mitras Profile

• EDUCATION
• Ph.D Analytical Chemistry, 1988, Southern
  Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.
  Advisor Prof. John B. Phillips
• M. S. Environmental Engineering, 1984, Southern
  Illinois University, Carbondale, IL.
• B. S. Chemical Engineering, 1981, Indian
  Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
• WORKING AS ACTING CHAIR IN DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY AND
  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, NJIT.
• RESEARCH INTEREST
• Sensors and analytical instrumentation MEMS,
  lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics thin-film sensors
  and devices using conducting and semiconducting
  polymers instrumentation/devices based on
  membrane separation.
• Nanotechnology, carbon nanotube synthesis and
  functionalization.
• RESEARCH SCHOLARS WORKING UNDER HIM
• Yuhong Chen, Ornthida Sae-Khow , Chaudery
  Hussain, Susana Addo Ntim, Xiangxin Meng, Kenneth
  Gethard, Chintal Desai
• TOTAL 7 STUDENTS AND MORE THAN 21 STUDENTS HAVE
  COMPLETED THEIR Ph.D UNDER HIM

3
Chintal Desais Profile

• Eduaction
• Persuing Ph.D Analytical Chemistry, NJIT, Newark,
  NJ. Advisor Prof. Somenath Mitra
• M. S. Analytical Chemistry, 2002 , South Gujarat
  University, India.
• B. S. Chemistry, 2000, B. P. Baria Science
  College, India.
• Experience and something about Myself
• Analytical chemist (Themis) India.
• Senior Chemist (Atul Pvt. Ltd.) India.
• Worked as a Volunteer for AIDS Awareness Program.
• Part time Tutor in University and in Community.

4
Objective

• Antisolvent method is used to make nanoparticles
  for hydrophobic drugs.
• Main Goal was to use different Solvents, Polymers
  and Surfactants to achieve smaller particle
  sizes.
• Edible films were also made using PEO, PVP and
  Tween 80.

5
Antisolvent Method
6
Nanoparticles

• Nanotechnology originates from the Greek word
  meaning dwarf.
• The term nanotechnology was first used in 1974,
  by Norio Taniguchi
• 1nm10-9m, which is tiny, only the length of ten
  hydrogen atoms, or about one hundred thousandth
  of the width of a hair.
• NP has a much grater surface area per unit mass
  compared with larger particles, leading to
  greater reactivity.

7
Nanosuspension / Colloids

• In Chemistry, a suspension is a heterogenous
  fluid containing solid particles that are
  sufficiently large for sedimentation. e.g.(Sand
  in water)
• A colloid is a type of mechanical mixture where
  one substance is dispersed evenly throughout
  another. (e.g.Milk)
• Unlike colloids, suspensions will eventually
  settle . Also colloids have smaller particle size
  compare to Suspension.

8
Why We are making Drug nanoparticles

• To improve drug bioavailability
• To enhance dissolution rate for poorly water
  soluble drug

9
Bioavilability and hydrophobicity of drug

• Bioavailability is a pharmacokinetic term that
  describes the rate and extent to which the active
  drug ingredient is absorbed from a drug product
  and becomes available at the site of drug action.
• Bioavailability is concerned with how quickly and
  how much of a drug appears in the blood after a
  specific dose is administered.

10
Dissolution Rate

• Dissolution is a standardized method for
  measuring the rate of drug release from a dosage
  form.
• Drug release in the body measured in-vivo from
  plasma or urine concentrations .

11
(No Transcript)
12
Model Drug, Polymer and surfactant
Griseofulvin (GF)
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
13
Suspensions of GF (a) blank containing
cellulose and surfactant(b) unstable
suspension (c) stabilized with cellulose and
SDS.
14
Particle Size Distribution

• The particle size distribution (PSD) of a powder,
  or granular material, or particles dispersed in
  fluid, is a list of values or a mathematical
  function that defines the relative amounts of
  particles present, sorted according to size. PSD
  is also known as grain size distribution.
• The method used to determine PSD is called
  particle size analysis, and the apparatus a
  particle size analyzer.

15
Particle Size Distribution of FNB/GF stabilized
by HPMC and SDS
(a) FNB stabilized by HPMC and SDS
(b) GF stabilized by HPMC and SDS.
16
SEM

• The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type
  of electron microscope that images the sample
  surface by scanning it with a high-energy beam of
  electrons.
• The electrons interact with the atoms that make
  up the sample producing signals that contain
  information about the sample's surface
  topography, composition and other properties such
  as electrical conductivity.

17
SEM images of GF particles
GF stabilized by HPMC and SDS
18
SEM images of GF- loaded polymer film
Cross section
Top Surface
19
Mean diameter of drug particles as a function
of time
GF stabilized with HEC and SDS, GF stabilized
with HPMC
20
Mean Diameter as a Function of Time
21
Edible Film

• Drug-loaded polymer films were prepared by
  solvent evaporation technique from polymer
  casting solution.

22
Results/Conclusions

• Anti-solvent synthesis of nano/micro scale drug
  particles with simultaneous stabilization using
  different solvents, cellulose derivatives and a
  surfactant (SDS) is reported.
• The mean diameter of the small particles grew
  with time, while the overall particle size
  distribution showed a decrease average particle
  size due to sedimentation.
• The result showed that small particles size were
  achieved using DMSO as a solvent instead of
  Acetone or VP.
• The result also showed that a mixture of
  cellulose and SDS reduced the average particle
  size more effectively than either only cellulose
  or SDS.
• Scanning electron microscopy showed crystalline
  nature of the particles formed from this process,
  and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of
  the drug molecule in these crystals.