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BLISTER AGENT EXPOSURE

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EXPOSURE CA147 Identify the specific signs and symptoms of sulfur mustard agent exposure Identify the specific signs and symptoms of Lewisite exposure CA148 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BLISTER AGENT EXPOSURE


1
BLISTER AGENTEXPOSURE
CA147
2
OBJECTIVES
  • Identify the specific signs and symptoms of
    sulfur mustard agent exposure
  • Identify the specific signs and symptoms of
    Lewisite exposure

CA148
3
BLISTER AGENTS
  • Destroy individual cells in target tissue
  • Blisters (vesicles) most noticeable effect
  • Sulfur mustard and Lewisite in Armys inventory
  • Lewisite stored only at Deseret Chemical Depot

Blister
CA149
4
HOW BLISTER AGENTS WORK
  • Designed to inflict wartime casualties
  • Affect skin tissue and especially harsh on soft
    membranes
  • eyes lung tissue
  • mouth tissue throat tissue
  • Sulfur mustard greatest effect on warm, moist
    surfaces
  • mucous membranes armpits
  • groin buttocks
  • knees and elbows creases fold of neck

CA150
5
BLISTER AGENT EXPOSURE
  • Liquid and vapors create extreme hazards
  • The greater absorbed dose, the greater severity
    of skin and tissue damage
  • Delayed reaction with little or no pain
  • Burning, stinging, redness, or blisters usually
    delayed between 2 to 36 hours for sulfur mustard
  • usually apparent between 4 - 8 hours
  • Immediate pain for Lewisite

CA151
6
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Direct Contact

CA152
7
INHALATION OF BLISTER AGENT
  • Vapors enter body through respiratory system
  • Direct access to lining of nose, throat, and
    bronchial tubes
  • warm, moist membranes most vulnerable
  • Prolonged exposure destroys mucous membrane
    lining
  • internal inflammation
  • bleeding that may lead to later infection of
    airways and lungs
  • Most damage to upper airways
  • with heavy exposure, lungs air sacs are injured
    and fill with fluids

Damage to air sacs may cause lungs to fill with
fluids
CA153
8
DIRECT CONTACT WITHBLISTER AGENT
  • Skin surface or eye touches liquid agent, surface
    where agent was deposited, or agent vapor
  • Broken blister fluid non-irritating
  • Does not cause blistering upon contact with skin
  • Warmth and moisture increase effects
  • between toes
  • behind knees
  • groin
  • armpits
  • behind ears

CA154
9
INGESTION OF BLISTER AGENT
  • Swallowing contaminated food, drink, placing
    contaminated items in mouth, or incidental
    hand-to-mouth contact
  • Unlikely agent will contaminate food or drink

CA155
10
SULFUR MUSTARD
CA156
11
SULFUR MUSTARDSIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Severity of symptoms and how rapidly they develop
    greatly influenced by weather conditions
  • hot, humid weather increases action of sulfur
    mustard
  • Signs and symptoms characteristically delayed for
    hours

CA157
12
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OFSULFUR MUSTARD EXPOSURE
  • Eye Irritation/Inflammation
  • Photophobia
  • Reddening of Exposed Skin
  • Blisters
  • Inflammation of Respiratory Tract
  • Gastrointestinal Effects
  • Systemic Effects

CA158
13
FACTORS AFFECTING SULFUR MUSTARD SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
  • Characteristically delayed
  • may appear within 1 - 2 hours with large exposure
    or if weather hot and humid
  • Reaction time depends on the
  • type of agent
  • amount of agent person has been exposed to
  • dose (how much a person has absorbed)
  • duration of exposure
  • route of exposure
  • sensitivity of persons system

CA159
14
FACTORS AFFECTING SULFUR MUSTARD SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
  • Inhalation of sulfur mustard causes quicker
    reaction than direct contact exposure
  • agent absorbed much faster in warm, moist areas
    of respiratory tract, nose, mouth, bronchial
    tubes

Effects greatest in warm, moist areas of
respiratory tract
CA160
15
FACTORS AFFECTING SULFURMUSTARD SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
  • Inhalation exposure effects occur after few hours
  • accompanied by sneezing, coughing, and
    inflammation of trachea and bronchi
  • Direct contact exposure effects usually delayed
  • absorption may continue for hours even after
    decontamination

Not all signs and symptoms may appear . .
. Dose, duration, and route of exposure make a
difference
CA161
16
OTHER POSSIBLE CAUSES
  • Signs and symptoms may also be caused by
  • hay fever
  • burns (chemical, thermal, sun)
  • tear gas exposure
  • poison ivy, poison oak, and other contact
    allergies
  • certain drugs

CA162
17
INITIAL FIRST AID TREATMENT FORSULFUR MUSTARD
EXPOSURE
  • Immediate removal from source of exposure
  • Decontamination through washing and diluting
  • Airway management may be needed as signs/symptoms
    develop

CA163
18
TREATMENT FOR EYE CONTACT
  • Speed Critical
  • irreversible eye damage may be done very quickly
  • flush eyes immediately with water
  • tilt head to side
  • pulling eyelids apart with uncontaminated fingers
  • pouring water slowly into eyes
  • Do not cover eyes with bandages
  • Dark or opaque glasses shield eyes from light and
    provide relief from photophobia

CA164
19
TREATMENT FOR SKIN CONTACTWITH SULFUR MUSTARD
Decontaminate, paying special attention to
eyelids neck creases armpits behind
knee between toes
  • around the ears
  • inside nose
  • inside mouth
  • groin

CA165
20
LEWISITE
CA166
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