Safety Orientation Training

1
BASIC FIRE PROTECTION PREVENTION SYSTEM
2
THEME

• The important thing from the point of view of
  fire safety is
• how one interprets these properties.
• Thorough knowledge is essential to understand
  such properties, and their practical
  implications.
• In view of the large number of
  flammable/explosive chemicals being handled and
  used by a wide spectrum of industries, this
  knowledge is a basic safety requirement today.

3
WHAT IS FIRE

• A FIRE is voluntarily advancing procedure
• combustion of one or more inflammable materials
  releasing energy
• Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen and
  carbon (or even hydrogen and carbon) in which
  heat and light energies are also released.
• combination which may be defined as a chemical
  reaction of quick oxidation accompanied with
  development of light heat.
• FUEL HEAT ENERGY OXYGEN/ AIR FIRE

4
FIRE TRIANGLE
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

• There are THREE BASIC ELEMENTS responsible for -
  PRODUCTING FIRE
• Presence of FUEL VAPOUR
• Presence of OXYGEN
• Presence of HEAT/ SOURCE OF IGNITION
• THIS COMBINATION CAUSING COMBUSTION IS REFERRED
  AS FIRE TRIANGLE AND ILLUSTRATED IN NEXT FIGURE.
• FIRE TRIANGLE
• AIR/OXYGEN FUEL
• IGNITION SOURCE / TEMPERATURE /HEAT

5
HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE

• There are three fire extinguishing methods
• Starvation - by removing fuel from fire.
• - By cutting of fuel supply
• Most effective for gas fire
• Smothering - blanketing of fuel by coating
  material,
• - by inserting of gas,
• steam/vaporizing liquid
• Cooling -natural cooling ( water spray is the
  most commonly used)
• effective for oxidizing chemicals, tank
  fires, etc.,
• Breaking chain reaction fourth method

6
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• Class A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible
  materials, such as wood, cloth, paper,
  rubber, and many plastics.
• Class B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids,
  combustible liquids, petroleum
  greases, oils, oil-based paints,
  solvents, and
• flammable gases.

7

• Class C Fires. Fires that involve GAS
  energized electrical equipment where the
  electrical non conductivity of the
  
• extinguishing
  media is of importance. (When electrical
• equipment is
  de-energized, fire extinguishers for Class A
  or Class B fires can be used safely.)
• Class D Fires. Fires in combustible metals,
  such as magnesium, titanium, sodium,
  and potassium.

8
Classes of Fires
9
Classes of Fires
10
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES SUITABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
11
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Types of Fire Extinguisher
• 1) DCP Extinguisher
• DCP Extinguisher is of 5 kg 10 kg capacity gas
  cartridge type, and of 25 50 kg capacity
  trolley mounted type.
• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class
  B,C D
• DCP Extinguisher contains sodium bi carbonate as
  extinguisher media. (white colour)
• Duration time is around 1 min.

12
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• 2) C02 Extinguisher
• CO2 Extinguisher is of 2.0 kg, 4.5 kg 9 kg
  capacity and of 22.5 kg capacity trolley mounted
  type.
• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B
  C
• CO2 Extinguisher contains Carbon Di-oxide as
  extinguisher media.
• Duration time is around 25 to 60 sec..

13
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• 3) ABC Extinguisher
• Generally available in 5Kg
• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class
  A, B C
• Nitrogen Gas is filled at 15 kg/cm2 pressure on
  Light Yellow DCP.
• Duration time is around 45 to 60 sec..

14
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• 4) Mechanical Foam Type
• Generally available in 9 lit 50 lit
• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class
  B. Synthetic Foam is filled in it.
• CO2 Gas Cartridge is fitted for operation.

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Pull the pin
• This will allow you to squeeze the handle in
  order to discharge the extinguisher

18
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Aim at the base of the fire
• Aiming at the middle will do no good.
• The agent will pass through the flames.

19
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Squeeze the handle
• This will release the pressurized extinguishing
  agent

20
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Sweep side to side
• Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue
  until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye on the
  area for
• re-lighting.

21
KEY POINTS

• FLASH POINT
• Flash point is the minimum temperature at which
  sufficient vapor given a momentary flash in
  presence of air
• AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE
• It the lowest temperature at which material
  begins to burn with out heat in presence of air

22
Fire Hazards at our Plant

• FO Storage Tank
• Melting Furnace Molten Metal
• Welding Operation
• Gas Cutting Operation
• Short-Circuits
• Diesel Drums
• Oil Spillage
• LPG Cylinder

23
Fire protection prevention

• We have total 123 Fire Extinguishers
• Water / CO2 Type (9 lit) 02
• Mechanical Foam Type (9 lit) 04
• Mechanical Foam Type(50 lit) 03
• CO2 Type (2 Kg) 06
• CO2 Type (4.5 Kg) 27
• DCP Type (5 Kg) 73
• DCP Type (10 Kg) 04
• ABC Type (5 Kg) 04

24
Precaution at the time of Fire Fighting

• Extinguishing agent eliminates one of the vital
  elements of the fire
• Many types of extinguishers available
• Know location of extinguishers
• Alarm has been sounded
• Building has been evacuated
• Fire is small and confined
• You can fight the fire with your back toward an
  escape route
• The extinguisher matches the fire type
• The extinguisher works effectively
• You are properly trained in the use of the
  extinguisher
• You are confident you can put the fire out

25
Personal hazards

• Smoke and noxious fumes
• Smoke and fumes cause unconsciousness
• Death may result

26
(No Transcript)