Declensions & Cases. 1st-5th declensions. VOCATIVE CASE t

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Stage 26 27

• TEST REVIEW

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NEED TO KNOW

1. Vocabulary from stages 1-27
2. Declensions CASES
3. SID SPACE
4. Verbs
5. Participles
6. Gerundive of Obligation
7. Characters
8. Story plot
9. Culture
10. Derivativesstudy your word studies
11. Adjectives
12. adverbs

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Declensions Cases

• 1st-5th declensions
• VOCATIVE CASE to form it, use the nominative
  form of a noun EXCEPT if the noun ends in US or
  IUS.
• If the word ends in US, change it to E
• Example Rufus ? Rufe, Brutus? Brute, Quintus?
  Quinte
• If the word ends in IUS, change it to I
• Salvius ? Salvii, Caecilius ? Caecilii
• Genitive descriptions
• QuantityRufus est optimus tribunorum
  meorumRufus is the best of my tribunes
• Description non-physical qualitiestu es vir
  summae prudentiaeyou are a man of very great
  common sense
• Possession mater puerorum nobis dixitthe boys
  mother spoke to us.

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SID SPACE

• Uses the ABLATIVE CASE
• All other prepositions use the ACCUSATIVE CASE
• Sub, In, De, Sine, Pro, Ab/A, Cum, E/Ex

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VERBS SHOW 5 THINGS

1. Number singular or plural
2. Person I, you, he/she/it, we, yall, they
3. Tense present, imperfect, perfect, future,
   pluperfect, etc..
4. Voice Active or Passive
5. Moodimperative, indicative, subjunctive

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Imperative Mood of Verbs

• use the 2nd principal part
• and take off the RE or change it to TE for more
  than 1 person
• LABORARE (to work)? Labora! Laborate!
  WORK!
• SEDERE (to sit) ? Sede! Sedete! SIT!
• Negative commands ? use NOLI or NOLITE and the
  infinitive
• Noli laborare dont work
• Nolite laborare dont work

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Indicative Mood of Verbs

• Used for reporting facts or making statements
• Present tense? o, s, t, mus, tis, nt (I work, I
  am working)
• Perfect? I, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt (did
  work, worked, have worked)
• Imperfect? bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant (was
  working, used to work)
• Pluperfect? eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis,
  erant (HAD worked)
• Future? bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt
  (will/shall work)

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Subjunctive

• Used for hypothetical, possibilities, wishes
• Imperfect ? take the infinitive and add M, -S,
  -T, -MUS, -TIS, -NT
• Translated same as indicative imperfect
• Pluperfect? take the 3rd principal part, add
  SSE, then add M, -S, -T, -MUS, -TIS, -NT
• Translated same as

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Clauses with Subjunctive

• Indirect question? Taylor asked why the dog was
  in the house.
• Indirect command? Victor ordered the soldiers to
  remove the dog.
• Cum clause ? While the soldiers were removing the
  dog, Bryan Kyle were getting in trouble.
• Result clause (tot, tam, tantus, adeo) ? Modestus
  was SO handsome that Vilbia fell in love with him
  immediately.
• Purpose clause (ut/ne)? Kajal studies so that she
  can get good grades.

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Participles

• Present Active
• 2nd principal part, minus the re, then add NS
  for nominative singular or NT plus a 3rd
  declension ending
• Uses 3rd declension endings
• Translated -ing
• Perfect Active Passive
• The 4th principal part
• Uses 1st 2nd declension endings (like an
  adjective)
• Translated having _____-ed or having been
  _____-ed

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Gerundive of Obligation

• Like a present active participle except with ND
  instead of NT
• The subject/object of the gerundive is always in
  the DATIVE case
• Mihi fugiendum est ?
• Literally fleeing is for me
• Figuratively I must flee

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Characters Places

1. Cogidubnusking of the Regnenses British, not
   Roman ill framed by Salvius
2. Domitianemperor of Rome
3. RenensesBritish people led by Cogidubnus
4. Rufusa Roman tribune who interrogated Quintus
5. Salviusthe Roman who accused Cogidubnus falsely
6. Silanuslegatus of the 2nd legion
7. Quintusthe man who said Cogi was innocent
8. Memorthe haruspex of Aqua Sulis who tried to
   poison Cogi
9. Belimicus the lying man who came with Salvius to
   Britain
10. AgricolaRoman who is the governor of Britain
11. Caledonia the place where Agricola was fighting
12. Devathe place (locus) where the 2nd legion was
    in camp

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Plot
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Culture

• Legioa unit of soldiers, about 5000 men
• Centurioleader of a century
• Primus pilussenior centurion of the legion
• Optioassisted the leader of a century
• Signiferstandard-bearer
• Tribunus laticlavius junior officer from the
  noble class
• Tribunus angusticlavius junior officer from
  wealthy middle class
• Praefectus castrorumcommander of the camp
• Legatus commander of the legion
• Equiteslower social class, originally cavalrymen

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Culture continued

• Parts of the camp (p. 135)

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Adjectives

• Describe nouns

REGULAR/POSITIVE Happy, brave, sad COMPARATIVE Happier, braver, sadder, MORE brave, MORE stupid SUPERLATIVE Most/too/Very Happiest, very brave, too sad
Laetus fessus Tristis Fortis Laetior Fessior Tristior Fortior Laetissimus, -a, -um Fessissimus Tristissimus Fortissimus
Pulcher Bonus Magnus Pulchrior Melior Maior Pulcherrimus, -a, -um Optimus maximus
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Adverbs
Modify VERBS
REGULAR/POSITIVE happily, Bravely, Carefully COMPARATIVE MORE carefully, MORE happily, MORE bravely SUPERLATIVE Most/too/Very Happily, carefully, etc
Laetehappily Pulchrebeautifully Fessetiredly Tacitequietly Laetius Pulchrius Fessius Tacitius laetissimE pulcherrimE fessissimE tacitissimE
Fortiterbravely Breviter--briefly Benewell Malebadly Magnoperegreatly Paulumlittle Multummuch Fortius Brevius Melius--better Peius--worse Magismore Minus less Plus more fortissimE brevissimE optimEbest, very well pessimEworst, very badly maximEmost, very greatly minimEleast, very little Plurimummost, very much