A Sustainable Smart Grid Project for a Mediterranean Island

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Living Together in the Multi-cultural Society Proceedings of the 2010 EMUNI Research Souk 14 June 2010
A Sustainable Smart Grid Project for a
Mediterranean Island
S. Favuzza, M. G. Ippolito, F. Massaro, R.
Musca, E. Riva Sanseverino, E. Telaretti, G.
Zizzo, I. Bertini, G. Graditi,
DIEET (University of Palermo) ENEA
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SmartGrid Definition
The SmartGrid is a new concept of electrical
network, which can intelligently integrate the
actions of all users connected to it (generators,
consumers, etc.) in order to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure electricity
supplies. A SmartGrid employs innovative products
and services together with intelligent
monitoring, control, communication and
self-healing technologies.
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SmartGrid Concept
Common hub
Bulk generation
Electric system
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SmartGrid Concept
Smart meter
Smart router
Bulk generation
SmartGrid
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Projects around the world
EU Microgrids Large Scale Integration of
Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids More
Microgrids Advanced Architectures and Control
Concepts for More Microgrids USA Consortium
for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions
(CERTS) JAPAN Regional Power Grid with
Renewable Energy Resources Project
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Projects around the world
EU Microgrids Large Scale Integration of
Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids More
Microgrids Advanced Architectures and Control
Concepts for More Microgrids The Kythnos Island
Microgrid project provides a demonstration site
where photovoltaic panels with diesel genset for
back-up and battery banks as storage device serve
twelve houses in a small microgrid structure,
with the main goals of adaptation and
installation of the agent-based software for
centralized and de-centralized control.
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SmartGrid Project for a Mediterranean Island
The SmartGrid project regards the evolution of
the electrical distribution and generation system
of a broad island having a central position in
the Mediterranean sea it is a feasibility study
of the evolution towards the SmartGrid concept of
the existing electrical system.
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SmartGrid Project for a Mediterranean Island
The aim is to provide important changes in order
to join new and alternative energy sources,
reducing the traditional diesel generation,
improve the island sustainability with waste
treatment plant and electrical vehicles, increase
intelligence and automation level, making the
electrical system capable of dialogue and
interaction with the needs of the various agents
integrated within it.
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Energy System
Actually, the island is totally dependent on the
mainland. Diesel, petrol and liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG) are imported regularly on the island.
The project aims to reduce substantially this
dependency.
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Energy System
Solar energy (photovoltaic panels and thermal
collectors) Wind turbine Geothermal power
generation Waste treatment plant Power stations
(electric vehicles)
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Energy System
SOLAR ENERGY
URBAN CENTER
AIRPORT
INDUSTRIAL AREA
POWER PLANT
WIND TURBINE
WASTE TREATMENT
POWER STATIONS
GEOTHERMAL PLANT
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Energy System
Scenario Coverage percentage of total energy needs Total energy production GWh/year Total reduction of CO2 emissions 103 kg/year
A 10 4.32 3.3
B 50 23.17 20.7
Different scenarios with coverage percentages of
total energy needs and CO2 reduction
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Control System
The originally centralized control of electrical
system migrates towards a distributed
intelligence, including a hierachical
organization of different agents, featuring
bidirectional controls and data flows, eventually
allowing users to bargain in a deregulated energy
market.
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Control System Architecture
The control system architecture of a SmartGrid
must be flexible, expandable, to be opened to
meet future needs. The Multiagent Platform
(software agents) must have autonomy,
proactivity, social ability.
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Control System Architecture
The software agents are MGCC (MicroGrid Central
Controller) SC (Source Controller) LC (Load
Controller)
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Control System Communication technology
The control system requires the adoption of
telecommunications channels for data exchange
between remote systems. In a generic
communication system structure there are three
main node types the global network coordinator,
the routers/coordinators and the end nodes. The
designed architecture of SmartGrid control system
can be of slave-master or multi-master type.
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Control System
PHOTOVOLTAIC
DIESEL POWER PLANT
WIND TURBINE
POWER STATION
POWER STATION
WASTE TREATMENT
DESALATION PLANT
GEOTHERMAL PLANT
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Control System Communication technology
At present, the island electric network has two
redundant communication channels, one based on a
radio technology, the other on GSM technology.
The SmartGrid project can include other
technologies for data transmission, based on
power line communication (high costs for
distribution system application) or wireless
technologies (lower impact but significant
problem of data security). Wi-Max is an
interesting technology which has the possibility
of covering large distances and mitigation of
environmental impact.
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Conclusions
The feasibility study of a SmartGrid project for
a Mediterranean island poses a number of
challenges and opportunities the integration
of new technologies and renewable sources in the
existing system the reduction of island
dependency and of the pollution emissions the
increase of intelligence and automation level
the improving of system operation (power quality,
minumum losses, etc.).
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Thank you for attention