Impact of Distributed Generation on Voltage Profile in Deregulated Distribution Systems

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Impact of Distributed Generation on Voltage
Profile in Deregulated Distribution Systems
By Walid El-Khattam University of Waterloo,
Canada E-mail waselkha_at_engmail.uwaterloo.ca
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Goals of this Paper

• Describe The Benefits of Implementing Distributed
  Generation (DG) in The Distribution Network as a
  Source of Active Power.
• Discuss an EMTDC Simulation Case to Emphasize The
  Benefits of DG on
• a) Improving The Network Voltage Profile.
• b) Reducing The Network Power Loss.
• c) Reducing The System Components Capacities.

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Distributed Generation (DG)

• Types
• Fuel Cell (FC)
• Micro-Turbines (MT)
• Renewable Energy
• - Photovoltaic (PV)
• - Wind Turbines
• - Storage Energy (Batteries, Flywheels)

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S Tr.
S Tr.
Main Centralized Generation Plant
Transmission System
TL
TL
DSS
DSS
DSS
DSS
Industrial Load
Commercial Load
Distribution System
Residential Loads
Distribution Network Is No More Vertically
Operated
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Describe Briefly The Benefits of DG

• 1) Economic Point of View
• a) Save worlds fuels reservoirs
• b) Save TD Expansions Costs
• c) Increase the electric power equipment
  lifetime
• d) Can Be Installed incrementally
• e) Provide Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• f) Not Restricted by Geographically Limitations
• g) Reduce the wholesale power price (Location
  Margin Pricing LMP)

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Describe Briefly The Benefits of DG

• 2) Operation Point of View
• a) Positive Impact on Distribution Networks
  Voltage profile
• b) Reduce Systems Power Losses
• c) Satisfy the Thermal Constraints of TD
  feeders
• d) Help for Peak Load Shaving
• e) Maintain Systems Continuity, Stability and
  Reliability
• f) Provide Local Reliability (in case of
  emergency and main sources outages as
  standby generation)
• g) Maintain Systems Security and reinforce the
  Critical Electric Power Infrastructure
  (Small Islanding)
• h) Positive Impact on Environmental and
  eliminate/Reduce emissions

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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study
The Distribution Network Under Study
Lat2
L8
L7
MF
L3
L2
Distribution Substation
L6
L5
L4
Lat1
Lat3
L12
L11
L9
L13
L10
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study

• System Voltage Profile Without and With DG at L13

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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study System Voltage
Profile With DG at Different Locations
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An EMTDC Simulation Case StudySystem Power Loss
Without and With DG at L13
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study System Power
Loss With DG at Different Locations
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An EMTDC Simulation Case StudyDifferent System
Operating Cases
Case (1) The distribution system operates alone
Case (2) The distribution system operates with a shunt capacitor connected at L11
Case (3) The distribution system operates with DG connected at L10
Case (4) The distribution system operates with DG connected at L11
Case (5) The distribution system operates with DG connected at L12
Case (6) The distribution system operates with DG connected at L13
Case (7) The distribution system operates DG connected at L5
Case (8) The distribution system operates DG connected at L6
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study
Sys
C _at_L11
DG L10
DG L11
DG L12
DG L13
DG L5
DG L6
Sys
C _at_L11
DG L10
DG L11
DG L12
DG L13
DG L5
DG L6
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An EMTDC Simulation Case StudyDifferent System
Operating Cases to Study System Components
Capacities
Case (1) The distribution system operates alone
Case (2) The distribution system operates with a shunt capacitor connected at L11
Case (3) The distribution system operates DG connected at L6
Case (4) The distribution system operates DG connected at L11
Case (5) The distribution system operates DG connected at L12
Case (6) The distribution system operates DG connected at L13
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study
 
DG_at_L11
DG_at_L6
DG_at_L11
DG_at_L12
DG_at_L13
Sys.
 
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Results of an EMTDC Simulation Case Study
DG Purpose DG Purpose
Reduce System Components Capacities L6 L11 L12
VR Requirements L10 L11 L12
PL Requirements L11 L12 L13
So The Best Point of DG Connection Is Either L11
Or L12
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Conclusions

• DG has positive impact on improving the
  distribution system voltage profile.
• DG can reduce the electric distribution system
  losses.
• DG is a new promising planning approach.
• DG as a Green Electricity has numerous
  environmental benefits.