Physiology of Respiratory System

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Physiology of Respiratory System
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Respiration

• Pulmonary ventilation
• Breathing- air movement in and out of body
• External respiration
• Oxygen loading and Carbon dioxide loading
• Respiratory gas transport
• Gases transported via bloodstream
• Internal respiration
• Exchange between capillaries and tissue cells

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Breathing

• Inspiration
• Diaphragm flattens creates a vacuum pulling air
  into the lungs
• Expiration
• Muscles relax and push air out of the lungs

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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

• Tidal Volume (TV)- volume of air moved into and
  out of the lungs each breath
• Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)- amount of air
  you can forcibly be taken in
• Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)- amount of air
  that can be forcibly expelled

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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

• Residual Volume- air that cannot be expelled from
  the lungs
• Vital capacity (VC)- total amount of exchangeable
  air TV IRV ERV
• Dead Space volume- the amount of air that doesnt
  make it to the lungs in a breath

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External Respiration

• Gas exchange at the lungs
• Oxygen into blood and CO2 removed from blood

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Gas Transport in the Blood

• Oxygen forms oxyhemoglobin with hemoglobin
  molecules
• CO2 in transported via
• bicarbonate in plasma

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Internal Respiration

• Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells
• Oxygen unloaded and CO2 loaded

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Hypoxia

• Inadequate supply of oxygen to the body tissues
• Causes skin to become cyanotic

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

• CO binds to the binding site that oxygen binds to
  on hemoglobin preventing gas transport of oxygen

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Respiratory Terms

• Eupnea- normal respiratory rate
• Hyperpnea- increased respiratory rate
  (exercising)
• Apnea- stopped breathing
• Dyspnea- difficult breathing

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Hyperventilation

• Bodys reaction to increased levels of carbon
  dioxide or acids in blood

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Smokers Lungs Versus Healthy Lungs