New Forms of Innovation: Background and main goals Mario Cervantes [e-mail] OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry

1
New Forms of Innovation Background and main
goals Mario Cervantes mario.cervantes_at_oecd.org
OECDDirectorate for Science, Technology and
Industry

• OECD Innovation Strategy Roundtable
• Warsaw, 28-29 June 2010

2
Background

• Research questions
• Changing nature of innovation
• Identify and characterises new forms of
  innovation
• Draw the implications for public policy.

3
Project Approach

• Scoping paper and typology of NFI
• Measurement based on CIS and Eurobarometer data
• Policy Inventory
• Country case studies

4
Some of the factors which are reshaping innovation

• Globalisation .
• Technological progress (ICTs)
• Rise of service economy.
• Changes in socio-cultural behaviour
• User-innovation
• Social and global challenges (social and
  environmental sustainability).

5
Changing nature of innovation

• NEW ACTORS
• Consumers and end-users
• Communities of innovation (amateur science)
• Non-profits and NGOs , Foundations
• Social entrepreneurs
• USE NEW MODES
• Open Innovation
• Collaborative IPR mechanisms (patent pools)
• Combine RD and non RD innovations
• TO RESPOND TO NEW CHALLENGES/OPPORTUNITIES
• Environmental sustainability
• Education
• Poverty

6
Definitions From RD to Broad-based Innovation

• 1963 -2002 Frascatti Manual international
  standard for measuring the resources devoted to
  RD expenditure and personnel in the
  performing sectors higher education, government,
  business enterprise, private non-profit
  organisations.
• 1995 Oslo Manual guideline to defining and
  measuring product and process innovation in firms
  
• 2005 Revised Oslo Manual extended to include
  organisational and marketing innovations

7
Measuring broader innovation
New to market product innovators with and
without RD, 2004-06 (or latest) As a percentage
of innovators
7
Source OECD (2010), Measuring Innovation A New
Perspective, OECD, Paris.
8
A TAXONOMY OF APPROACHES TO NFI
Typology Typology Challenges for innovation policy
OUTPUT-BASED non-technological, design-driven, organizational and business methods, etc. COMPLEXITY VARIETY
BEHAVIOUR-BASED New and varied forms of collaborations-cooperation for innovation COMPLEXITY VARIETY
CHALLENGE-DRIVEN Mobilizing knowledge (innovation diffusion) to address social and environmental sustainability COMPLEXITY VARIETY
9
Complexity and variety towards a network-based
model of innovation
Mode 2 (Hierarchy)
Mode 3 (Network)
Mode 1 (Market)
Socio-Economic Environment
10
How does new ways of innovating
challenge public policies?

• Do new forms of innovation broaden the scope of
  innovation policy?
• Do existing policy measures support new ways of
  innovating or are new measures needed?
• Does a common policy framework across sectors
  and firm size?
• What implications for the governance of
  innovation policies that involve a broad range of
  ministries, stakeholders?
• How to support innovation in the public sector or
  where there are strong social demands?

11
UK National Health Service Web-based Innovation
Platform
12
Preliminary policy messages

• Non RD firms matter innovative companies
  introduce products, processes and organizational
  innovation also without carrying out RD
• Increasing complexity and variety in the dynamics
  of modern innovation requires a systemic approach
  to STI policies. This challenges existing
  structures.
• Need for experimentation in policy design
• Supporting the development of a new measurement
  agenda for better fine-tuning and monitoring
  policies

13
Revised Time table
DELIVERABLES ACTIONS DEAD-LINE
POLICY INVENTORY Revise the categorisation of policies for the final publication and elaborate a county fact-sheet based on the policy shaping responses. June-September 2010

CASE STUDIES Carry-out the case studies or complete the review of existing studies Finalise by 10 September to enable Secretariat to deliver a final draft to TIP in December 2010

FINAL PUBLICATION Compilation of the final publication based on the interim report, the policy inventory and the case studies From January 2011
14
Case Studies on Policies for New Forms of
Innovation
ACTIVITY STATUS TYPE OF STUDY PARTICIPATING COUNTRY
COUNTRY CASE STUDIES Ongoing. (Contributions vary in scope and nature by country) REVIEW OF EXISTING NATIONAL CASE STUDIES ON NFI DENMARK UK
COUNTRY CASE STUDIES Ongoing. (Contributions vary in scope and nature by country) ANALYSIS OF NEW POLICIES SUPPORTING NEW/EMERGING TRENDS IN INNOVATION BELGIUM BRAZIL CHILE MEXICO AUSTRIA
COUNTRY CASE STUDIES Ongoing. (Contributions vary in scope and nature by country) FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF NFI GERMANY FINLAND POLAND