Chapter 16-The Civil War

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Chapter 16-The Civil War
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16-1 The Two Sides
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NORTH

• AIMS/GOALS

• Restore the Union by bringing the south back to
  the Union
• In 1862 Lincoln said If I could save the Union
  without freeing any slave I would do it.

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SOUTH

• AIMS/GOALS

• Establish itself as an independent nation and
  maintain slavery

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NORTH

• STRATEGIES

• Three Main Strategies
• 1. Blockade/close southern ports to limit
  exports and supply lines to Confederacy
• 2. Anaconda Plan--Control Mississippi River
  which will split the Confederacy in two and cut
  supply lines
• 3. Capture Richmond the Confederacys capital

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SOUTH

• STRATEGIES

• Conduct a defensive war
• Only attack would be on D. C.
• Fight until Northerners tire of the war and its
  costs and give up
• Gain foreign support (Britain and France)

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16-2 Early Stagesof the War
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Date Event Important Facts
1861 Fort Sumter (SC) Confederates fire on Fort Union surrenders 1st shots of Civil War
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1861 1st Battle of Bull Run (VA) 1st battle of Civil War Stonewall Jackson gets his name Confederate victory North realizes war will be long, difficult, and costly U-1,500 casualties C-2,000 casualties
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1862 Fort Henry (TN) Gain control of Tennessee River (Anaconda plan) Union victory Grant becomes a hero U-34 casualties C-16 casualties
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1862 War of the Ironclads (VA) Virginia (Merrimack)-Confederate Monitor-Union Off coast of Virginia No clear winner
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1862 Shiloh (TN) Surprise attack on Union troops Two day battle of fierce fighting Union victory-Grant 23,000 total casualties
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1862 Fall of New Orleans (LA) Union captures largest city in the south Well on the way to completing Anaconda Plan
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1862 Seven Days Battle (VA) Confederates beat Union General McClellan U-16,000 casualties C-20,000 casualties
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1862 2nd Battle of Bull Run (VA) Confederate victory U-10,000 casualties C-9,000 casualties
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The South Had Great Leaders as one of their
strengths.
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
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1862 Antietam (MD) Lee tries to invade north but fails Copy of plan is found by Union Deadliest and bloodiest single day of fighting 6,000 dead 17, 000 badly wounded Lincoln fires McClellan
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1862 Emancipation Proclamation Douglass --make the war seem like a fight for freedom to gain Britain and Frances support Constitution-property from the enemy in war time frees all enslave people in rebel territory Effect? Did not actually free slaves Lincoln had no power in the Confederacy If Union wins war, slavery will be banned forever
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16-3 Life During the War
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16-4 The Strain of the War
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1862 Fredericksburg (VA) Confederate victory Confederates entrenched behind a stone wall U-12,000 casualties C-5,500 casualties Burnside resigns
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1863 Chancellorsville (VA) General Lee defeats army twice his size U-11,000 casualties C-10,000 casualties Stonewall Jackson is killed by friendly fire! Hooker resigns.

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Lincoln needs to prove himself and hires General
Meade, 3 days before one of the most important
battles of the war..
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African Americans in the War

• Lincoln first resisted
• 1862-Congress permits
• Not well received
• Can they fight?
• Resented blacks
• South focused fiercest gun fire on black regiment
• 54th Massachusetts fought bravely
• 10 of army at the end

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Battle of Gettysburg

• 3 day battle-July 1-3, 1863
• Lee vs. Meade at Gettysburg
• Turning point of war
• Picketts charge (advancing across open land)
  proves deadly for the confederacy (3/4 of those
  in the attack died) .south was winning until
  this event on third day
• Union casualties-23,000
• Confederate casualties-25,000
• Outcome? Puts an end to England and France
  helping the south

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Siege of Vicksburg

• Same time as Gettysburg Grant secures Vicksburg,
  an important river city.
• Grant worked for 47 days trying to capture the
  city cutting off of food and supplies.
• 19,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died,
  mainly from disease and starvation.
• The Anaconda Plan is completed!!!!

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Gettysburg AddressFour score and seven years ago
our fathers brought forth on this continent, a
new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated
to the proposition that all men are created
equal.

• Nov. 1863-Dedication of National Cemetery at
  Gettysburg
• 272 word, 2 minute speech by Lincoln
• Purpose? Remind the nation about his vision to
  preserve the Union and the cause of liberty was
  worth it, even though the cost was high.

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16-5 The Wars Final Stages
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Grant Takes Over

• Lincoln puts him in charge of all Union armies.
• Wilderness Campaign-6 bloodiest weeks of the war.
• Grant loses 50,000 men and is called a butcher
• Lincoln replies I cant spare this man. He
  fights.

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Siege of Petersburg

• Grant captures this railroad town and cuts the
  Confederacy off from Richmond.

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David Farragut

• Captures Mobile, AL
• Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead.
• Last Mississippi port was blocked

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Election 1864

• Support for Lincoln is dying
• After the fall of Atlanta,
• northerners believed they could win the war
• Lincoln easily wins election
• 13th amendment is passedbans slavery in the
  United States (this covers the border states)

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Shermans Total War

• Break the will of the south by bringing terror,
  starvation, violence, and homelessness to all
  Southern peoplenot just the army.
• Begins with Atlanta, GA and continue to Savannah
• Shermans March to the Sea

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Fall of Richmond-April 2, 1865

• Richmond is captured by Union troops
• General Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House,
  VA

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Effects of the Civil War

• 1. Union is preserved ()
• 2. 620,000 soldiers died (-)
• 3. The war cost billions of dollars (-)
• 4. 4 million slaves are freed ()
• 5. Federal government is stronger ()