1::IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS: The introduction of vacuum tubes at the beginning of the 20th century was the starting point of the rapid growth of modern electronics. 2::The transistor, invented in 1948, has now almost completely replaced the vacuum tube Integrate$dG

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ELECTRONICS IN MEDICAL FIELD (BIONICS)
BY G V SHASHANK REDDY
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BIONICS

• Bionics is the application of biological methods
  and systems found in nature to the study and
  design of engineering systems and modern
  technology
• Bionics, broadly defined, is the application of
  the understanding of biological functions to
  solving engineering problems.
• Often, the study of bionics emphasizes
  implementing a function found in nature rather
  than just imitating biological structures

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USES IN MEDICAL FIELD

• In medicine, Bionics means the
  replacement or
• enhancement of organs or other body parts
  by mechanical
• versions. Bionic implants differ from mere
  prostheses by
• mimicking the original function very
  closely, or even
• surpassing it.

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APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE

• Biochips
• Gene chips
• Electronic nose
• Electronic tongue
• Artificial heart
• Cochlear implants
• Artificial limbs

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BIOCHIP IMPLANT

• Biochip implant is basically a small (micro)
  computer chip, inserted under the skin, for
  identification purposes
• It consists of a transponder and a reader or
  scanner
• Radio-frequency identification system

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TRANSPONDER

• A transponder a passive device consists of a
  microchip, a capacitor and an antenna coil
• Reader activates by sending low-power electrical
  charge

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READER OR SCANNER

• Displays the activation code in the microchip
  which is different for different chips
• Should be near 2-12 inches near the biochip
  implant.

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GENE CHIP

• Small DNA segments chemically synthesized.
• Made on Quartz surface
• Cells which hold DNA from a different human gene
• For example, a patient with a sore throat could
  be tested with a gene chip in order to identify
  the source of the infection and its antibiotic
  susceptibility profile. Therapy could commence
  sooner and would be precisely targeted to the
  causative infectious agent.

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ARTIFICIAL NOSE

• electronic sensing refers to the capability of
  reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and
  pattern recognition systems.
• Electronic noses can be used to detect poisonous
  and obnoxious odours and provide quality control
  for different food stuff.
• Perform an analysis

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ELECTRONIC TONGUE

• The electronic tongue is an instrument that
  measures and compares tastes.
• Like human receptors, each sensor has a spectrum
  of reactions different from the other
• Perform analysis

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ARTIFICIAL HEART

• Replaces the biological heart
• In early 1980s Dr William De Vries implanted the
  Jarvik-7 artificial heart into several patients.
• one patient with an implanted Jarvik-7 survived
  620 days
• The two main types of artificial hearts are the
  heart-lung machine and the mechanical heart.

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FIG ARTIFICIAL HEART
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COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

• Bionic ear
• electronic device that provides a sense of sound
• Electrodes implanted in the cochlea to stimulate
  auditory nerves are the most successful bionic
  prosthetics.

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The basic parts of the device include

• External
• a microphone
• a speech processor
• a transmitter
• Internal
• a receiver and stimulator
• an array of up to 22 electrodes wound through the
  cochlea

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Illustration of the internal parts of a cochlear
implant.
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BIONIC HAND

• It is multi-articulating
• They are hook like, simple to open and close
  gestures
• Also has power to hold things

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BIONIC LEG

• Power knee
• Lower limb prosthesis for people amputated above
  the knee
• On-board module receives data from sensors,
  sends commands to motor of amputee to perform
  current task

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CONCLUSION

• Electronics is playing a crucial role in
  developing artificial human organs which made
  the living of the people very easy those
  who have problems like hearing, seeing and
  other muscular problems

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• THANK YOU