Final Review Part 3 Eisenhower-Clinton * Nixon's Vice

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Final Review Part 3Eisenhower-Clinton
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This law authorized giving hundreds of millions
in federal money to schools for science and
foreign language education

• National Defense and Education Act

Eisenhower
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The 1957 policy which provided for U. S. troops
to be sent to a Middle Eastern country at the
request of that country's government

• Eisenhower Doctrine

Eisenhower
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A military alliance between the Soviet Union and
its Eastern European Communist satellites.

• Warsaw Pact

Eisenhower
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This policy, encouraged by John Foster Dulles,
stated that if the Soviets took hostile action,
the U. S. would demolish them with nuclear bombs.
It was dropped in 1949 when the Soviet Union
developed nuclear capabilities

• massive retaliation

Eisenhower
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A small artificial Soviet satellite launched into
space in 1957. This spread fear in the hearts of
Americans who felt that the U. S. was lagging
behind the USSR in science and technology

• Sputnik

Eisenhower
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The downing of a U. S. spy plane by the Soviet
Union in 1960

• U 2 Incident

Eisenhower
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John Foster Dulles' belief that the U. S. had to
show the Communists it was willing to use force
and go to the edge of war in order to keep the
peace in a nuclear age

• brinksmanship

Eisenhower
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The first African American Supreme Court Justice,
he successfully argued for Brown in the famous
1954 case against the Topeka, KS Board of
Education

• Thurgood Marshall

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In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that
statements of policy were protected under the
First Amendment and that only statements leading
to dangerous actions could be prohibited

• Yale v U.S.

Society in the 1950s
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This Arkansas Governor called out the National
Guard in 1957 to prevent black children from
attending Little Rock's Central High School

• Orville Faubus

Society in the 1950s
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The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he was
appointed by President Eisenhower and wrote the
landmark decision in Brown V. Board of Education,
Topeka, KS

• Earl Warren

Society in the 1950s
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He founded the "Beats", a literary group that
rejected the materialism of the 1950s

• Jack Kerouac

Society in the 1950s
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He built thousands of reasonably priced homes on
small plots of land in Long Island, NY, which
served as a model for the post-World War II
suburbs

• William J. Levitt

Society in the 1950s
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This African American challenged a city ordinance
in 1955 by refusing to give up a bus seat to a
white person

• Rosa Parks

Society in the 1950s
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This Supreme Court decision declared Plessy v.
Ferguson unconstitutional

• Brown v Topeka

Society in the 1950s
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This U. S.-Soviet agreement called for the end of
atmospheric testing of nuclear devices

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Kennedys New Frontier
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The U. S. government agency which sought to
assist developing countries by sending American
volunteers to teach and to provide technical
assistance

• Peace Corps

Kennedys New Frontier
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Kennedy's Attorney General and his most
controversial cabinet appointee

• Robert Kennedy

Kennedys New Frontier
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The policy that JFK used when dealing with the
Communist Bloc. It called for the preparation of
more conventional weapons to be used against
Soviet aggression, since nuclear weapons were to
be used only as a last resort

• Flexible Response

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This African American Air Force veteran of the
Korean War attempted to enroll in the all-white
University of Mississippi, but was denied
admission because he was black. Five thousand
federal troops had to be sent so that he could
register

• James Meredith

Kennedys New Frontier
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Cuban exiles, secretly trained by the C. I. A.
and supplied by the U. S. government, attempted
to invade the island and overthrow Castro's
Communist government there

• Bay of Pigs

Kennedys New Frontier
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The program of economic aid to Latin American
countries initiated by President Kennedy to build
on the good will established by FDR's Good
Neighbor Policy

• Alliance for Progress

Kennedys New Frontier
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President Kennedy's Secretary of State who said
during the Cuban Missile Crisis We're eyeball to
eyeball, and I think the other fellow just blinked

• Dean Rusk

Kennedys New Frontier
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Erected by the East German government to prevent
an embarrassing "Brain Drain" to the West, it was
here that JFK assured the West Germans and
peoples fighting Communism throughout the world
that the U. S. would continue to protect them
from Soviet aggression

• Berlin Wall

Kennedys New Frontier
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This 1962 U. S.-Soviet confrontation was the
closest the world ever came to global thermal
nuclear war

• Cuban Missile Crisis

Kennedys New Frontier
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The young American lieutenant who was brought to
trial for the My Lai massacre of Vietnamese
civilians

• William Calley

Johnsons Great Society
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After much investigation, it came to the
conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone
assassin of President Kennedy

• Warren Commission

Johnsons Great Society
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This federal law declared discrimination on the
basis of race and sex to be illegal

• Civil Rights Act of 1964

Johnsons Great Society
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The belief in the 1950s and 1960s that the fall
of one nation to Communism would lead to the fall
of neighboring countries

• Domino Theory

Johnsons Great Society
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The widespread public suspicion that President
Johnson's statements about the Vietnam War were
not trustworthy

• Credibility Gap

Johnsons Great Society
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A provision of federal law that prohibited
discrimination on the basis of sex in many
educational programs receiving federal funds

• Title IX

Johnsons Great Society
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The belief in the 1950s and 1960s that the fall
of one nation to Communism would lead to the fall
of neighboring countries

• Domino Theory

Johnsons Great Society
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President Johnson's domestic programs for social
renovation that included VISTA, Job Corps and
Head Start.

• War on Poverty

Johnsons Great Society
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This federal law defended the right of African
Americans in the South to register to vote

• Voting Rights Act

Johnsons Great Society
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A government insurance program under the Social
Security System that pays for the medical care of
elderly citizens

• Medicare

Johnsons Great Society
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In this legislation, Congress gave President
Johnson full authority to employ U. S. armed
forces in Vietnam

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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This conservative Republican Senator from
Arizona, who ran unsuccessfully against Johnson
in 1964, said that Extremism in the defense of
liberty is no vice

• Barry Goldwater

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A federally funded program for disadvantaged
pre-school children

• Head Start

Johnsons Great Society
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The full-scale attack by Communist forces in 1968
against major South Vietnam cities

• Tet Offensive

Johnsons Great Society
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This U. S. Supreme Court case (1966) ruled that
police officers must inform an arrested person of
his or her constitutional rights before they
could question that suspect

• Miranda v Arizona

Turbulent 1960s
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A major women's organization whose purpose is to
end discrimination of all kinds on the basis of
gender

• N.O.W.

Turbulent 1960s
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A revolutionary group of African Americans who
believed in violent methods for remedying racial
injustices

• Black Panthers

Turbulent 1960s
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In this 1963 case, the Supreme Court declared
that states must provide an attorney to a
defendant in a criminal case if they are too poor
to pay for one

• Gideon v Wainwright

Turbulent 1960s
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He said That's one small step for man one giant
leap for mankind in the summer of 1969.

• Neil Armstrong

Turbulent 1960s
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This seventy-day stand in South Dakota by Native
American rights activists attempted to dramatize
Indian suffering and call for preferential hiring
and government reimbursement for lands taken from
them in the past

• Wounded Knee

Turbulent 1960s
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He worked to win rights for migrant farmers. He
is most famous for a strike he organized with the
help of grape pickers in California in 1965

• Cesar Chavez

Turbulent 1960s
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Founded by Elijah Muhammed, they rejected
anything related to white culture and championed
the creation of a separate black nation

• Black Muslims

Turbulent 1960s
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These urban riots in Los Angeles in 1965 were
fueled by frustration and despair among African
Americans who felt that the civil rights
techniques of the early 1960s were not generating
enough changes for most blacks in America

• Watts Riots

Turbulent 1960s
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Social reformer and author of The Feminine
Mystique, a book that had a great influence on
the development of the modern feminist movement

• Betty Friedan

Turbulent 1960s
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This consumer advocate's book, Unsafe At Any
Speed, accused the auto industry of emphasizing
speed and style over safety and economy

• Ralph Nader

Turbulent 1960s
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An organization of African American Southern
leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
that conducted peaceful civil rights
demonstrations

• SCLC

Turbulent 1960s
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Those who opposed continuing U. S. involvement in
Vietnam

• Doves

Turbulent 1960s
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This outdoor gathering of over 400,000 young
people in upstate New York in 1969 became a major
"happening" of the counterculture

• Woodstock

Turbulent 1960s
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Initially an advocate of violence, this Black
Muslim orator later changed to black separatism
after traveling to Mecca. He drifted away from
the Black Muslims and began advocating some
compromise with white society, but was soon
assassinated in 1965

• Malcolm X

Turbulent 1960s
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A form of protest in the early 1960s in which
African American and white Americans joined
together to desegregate buses and bus depots used
in interstate commerce

• Freedom Riders

Turbulent 1960s
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Young people of the 1960s who protested the
Vietnam war and adopted a style of dress and
behavior that defied conventional tastes

• Hippies

Turbulent 1960s
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This biologist's book, Silent Spring, alerted the
nation about the dangers to the environment from
the use of pesticides in agriculture

• Rachel Carson

Turbulent 1960s
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Those who supported the continuation of U. S.
involvement in Vietnam

• hawks

Turbulent 1960s
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Student protest over President Nixon's bombing of
Cambodia in 1970 ended in tragedy here when
several were killed by National Guardsmen trying
to break up their protests

• Kent State

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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A 1972 agreement between the superpowers to limit
the production of specific types of nuclear
weapons

• SALT I

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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President Nixon's policy of reducing the number
of U. S. troops in South Vietnam coupled with the
strengthening of the South Vietnam armed forces

• Vietnamization

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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A federal agency for enforcing U. S. laws to
protect the nation's land, air, and water from
pollution

• EPA

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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The White House "plumber" who plotted the
Watergate break-in, he currently is the host of a
right-wing conservative radio talk show

• G. Gordy Liddy

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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President Nixon's policy of giving the states
greater responsibility for controlling welfare
and other government programs

• New Federalism

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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Nixon's Vice President, he was forced to resign
when it was discovered that he had taken bribes
from contractors when he was governor of Maryland
and was still receiving "kick-backs" while Vice
President

• Spiro Agnew

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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A term used to describe the economy during
Nixon's presidency because business was not
growing and inflation was rising out of control

• stagflation

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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This Defense Department official leaked the
Pentagon Papers to the press. Nixon had his
office burglarized by White House "plumbers",
seeking damaging evidence against him

• Daniel Ellsberg

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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The relaxation of strained political relations
and Cold War tensions between the superpowers

• detente

Nixon and the imperial Presidency
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President Nixon's policy of telling Asian
countries that they would be responsible for
their own military defense in the future

• Nixon Doctrine

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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This 1973 legislation had Congress place strict
limits on a President's power to engage in a
foreign war without Congressional consent

• War Powers Act

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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They ended the war between North Vietnam and the
U. S. in 1973

• Paris Accords

Nixon and the Imperial Presidency
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Democratic candidate Walter Mondale became the
first presidential candidate of a major political
party to choose a women as his running mate in
1984. She was a Congresswoman from New York

• Geraldine Ferraro

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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Ronald Reagan's controversial Secretary of the
Interior, he outraged environmentalists by
opening federal lands to unlimited access by coal
and timber companies

• James Watt

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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This Attorney General led an attack on suspected
anarchists and Communists in 1919

• A. Mitchell Palmer

WWI
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This illegal conspiracy of the Reagan
administration provided funding for
anti-Communist rebels in Nicaragua by secretly
selling missiles to the Ayatollah Koumeini's
government and diverting the money to the
Nicaraguan rebels

• Iran Contra Affair

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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The policy of reducing taxes in order to leave
business with more money to invest in productive
enterprises

• Supply Side Economics

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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In 1983, 241 Marines were killed here in a
terrorist bombing of their barracks

• Lebanon

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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Nicaraguan rebel group supported by the Reagan
administration who tried to overthrow the
Sandinista government

• Contras

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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She was the first woman Justice appointed to the
Supreme Court

• Sandra Day OConnor

Ronald Reagan and the New Conservatism
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Better known as "Star Wars", this was an attempt
by the Reagan administration to create a missile
defense system that would use some type of laser
technology in space to ward off incoming
missiles. Opponents criticized the program as too
costly and a science fiction fantasy

• S.D.I.

Roaring 20s
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He ran as a third party candidate on the Reform
Party ticket in 1992 and received almost 20 of
the popular vote, but not one electoral vote. He
ran again in 1996, but received less than half of
his 1992 popular vote count

• Ross Perot

Clinton Administration
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Former American ambassador to the U. N.,
President Clinton appointed her as the first
women Secretary of State in the nation's history

• Madeline Albright

Clinton Administration
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The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he
helped shape President Clinton's successful
economic policies

• Alan Greenspan

Clinton Administration
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The controversial Speaker of the House who sought
to unite Republicans in support of conservative,
ideological issues spelled out in his "Contract
With America."

• Newt Gingrich

Clinton Administration
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An international organization whose member
nations agreed to keep tariff laws in order, to
promote world trade

• GATT

Clinton Administration
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This legislation let workers take up to ten weeks
of unpaid leave for the birth of a new baby or to
assist a sick relative without the fear of losing
their job

• Family Leave Act

Clinton Administration
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This Clinton Attorney General called for the
appointment of several Independent Special
Prosecutors to investigate several of the
scandals in the Clinton White House. She was the
first female to hold this post in the nation's
history

• Janet Reno

Clinton Administration
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This radical leader of the Nation of Islam led
the Million-Man March in 1995

• Louis Farrakhan

Clinton Administration
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Supported by the Clinton administration, this
plan was designed to restore President Jean
Bertrand Aristide to power in Haiti

• Operation Restore Democracy

Clinton Administration
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This Clinton policy was an attempt to end
discrimination against homosexuals in the U. S.
military

• Dont Ask, Dont Tell

Clinton Administration
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It eliminated trade barriers between the U. S.,
Canada, and Mexico. It was barely approved by
Congress in 1993 after a fierce political debate

• NAFTA

Clinton Administration
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This Clinton scandal revolved around the question
of whether or not the Clintons benefitted
improperly from their involvement in this real
estate business venture

• Whitewater

Clinton Administration
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This was the nickname of the first major gun
control legislation passed by Congress which
prohibited the purchase of 19 different types of
assault weapons

• Brady Bill

Clinton Administration