Folie 1

1
last lecture Biofeedback Principles
and Applications Brain Computer Interfaces
Theory and Methods
2
today Design Standards for biomedical
devices Device Certification File Formats
and Data Transfer Standards
3
Safety of medical devices
? Electrical Safety double Isolation, safety
grounding, clearence galvanic isolation,
isolation barriers ? Electrostatic Discharge
(ESD-) Protection prevention of device damage
or degradation of protective circuits ?
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC, EMV)
capacitive or inductive coupling, resonance
RF / radiation levels, device interference ?
Software Safety ? biocompatibility, radiation,
riskmanagement,
4
International and National Organisations
International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Comité international
spécial des perturbations radioélectriques
(CISPR) (Internationales Sonderkomitee für
Funkstörungen) European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization
(CENELEC) European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) Österreicisches
Normungsinstitut
5
Current European Union regulation
? based on the New Approach (CE marking) ?
applicable processes depend on risk-category ?
government-appointed Notified Bodies certify
the conformity assessment procedures ?
improvements often result from user feedback
6
Methods to assure Safety
? Certification and harmonization of design
standards Directive 93/42/EWG Medical
products Directive 90/385/EWG Active
implants Directive 98/79/EG In-vitro
diagnostic devices ISO / EN 60601-2 EN
540 (EN ISO 14155) clinical Evaluation EN
1041 Information by the manufacturer ? Risk
management and labelling EN 1441 risk
analysis, EN ISO 14971 risk management EN 980
Graphical symbols and labeling
7
Methods to assure Safety
? Safety-Zones No-Cell Phones in critical
areas, no metallic objects near MRI, ?
Dependability, Fail-Safety, Fault Tolerance
Redundancy in Hardware and Software ?
Guidelines MEDDEVS of the European
Comission NB-Med Recommendations Global
Harmonization Task Force (GHTF)
8
Law for the admission of medical devices
Österreichisches Medizinprodukte gesetz (MPG),
BGBl. Nr. 657/1996 ? Definition of medical
devices ? Classification of risk ? CE
admission ? clinical evaluation ?
Registration, responsibility
menufacturer, seller, ? intended usage
9
Electrical Safety - some definitions
Clearance The shortest distance between two
conductive parts, or between a conductive part
and the bounding surface of the equipment,
measured through air Hazardous Energy Level A
stored energy level of 20J or more, or an
available continuous power level of 240 VA or
more, at a potential of 2V or more. Hazardous
Voltage A voltage exceeding 42.4V peak or 60V
d.c., existing in a circuit which does not meet
the requirements for either a Limited Current
Circuit or a TNV Circuit. Limited Current
Circuit A circuit which is so designed and
protected that , under both normal conditions and
a likely fault condition, the current which can
be drawn is not hazardous. Safety Critical A
component which affects the safety of the
equipment. All components in primary circuitry
are safety critical. Other components which
protect the equipment under normal and fault
conditions, such as thermal switches,
optocouplers, etc. are also safety critical.
10
Electrical Safety - some definitions
Touch Current Electric current through a human
body when it touches one or more accessible
parts. (Touch current was previously included in
the term 'leakage current') Insulation according
to IEC 664 / VDE 0110 (1/89) Data for insulation
coordination requires values for rated voltage,
pollution degree and overvoltage category.
Overvoltage category Classification of
electrical equipment to the overvoltage to be
expected. Surge voltage Amplitude of a voltage
impulse of short duration with a specified
impulse form and polarity that is applied to test
insulation paths in device/component. This proves
that the device/component (for example relay)
will withstand very high overvoltages for very
short periods.
11
Electrical Safety - some definitions
Class I Equipment where protection against
electric shock is achieved by using basic
insulation, and also providing a means of
connecting to the protective earthing conductor
in the building wiring those conductive parts
that are otherwise capable of assuming hazardous
voltages if the Basic Insulation fails. Class
II Equipment in which protection against
electric shock does not rely on basic insulation
only, but in which additional safety precautions,
such as double insulation or reinforced
insulation, are provided, there being no reliance
on either protective earthing or installation
conditions. Medical types B and BF (EN60601)
Maximum leakage 100 microamperes, 4000V voltage
rating with 60 second test Medical type CF
(EN60601) Maximum leakage 10 microamperes, 4000V
voltage rating with 60 second test
12
Electrical safty - IEC 60601 examples
Safety Class I metallic enclosure grounded
via earth wire Safety Class II enclosure
seperated with double or hardened
isolation Safety Class III Power Supply lt 25V
AC
Example guidelines for electrical isolation
13
Device types, labels - IEC 60601 examples
? device type B (body) Leakage current lt 0.1
mA Can be grounded ? device type BF (body
floating) Leakage current lt 0.1 mA
Isolated from ground ? device type CF (cardiac
floating) Leakage current lt 0.01 mA
special Isolation
14
EMC - European standards
EN 55011 Interference emission from industrial,
scientific and medical devices (ISM appliances)
EN 55013 Interference emission from radio
receivers and consumer electronic appliances EN
55020 Interference immunity of radio receivers
and consumer electronic appliances EN 55014-1
Interference emission from household appliances
EN 55014-2 Interference immunity of household
appliances EN 55015 Interference emission from
electric lighting equipment EN 61547
Interference immunity of electric lighting
equipment EN 55022 Interference emission from
information technology equipment (IT appliances)
EN 55024 Interference immunity of information
technology equipment (IT appliances) EN
61000-4-2 Interference immunity to electrostatic
discharge (ESD) EN 61000-4-3 Interference
immunity to electromagnetic fields EN 61000-4-4
Interference immunity to fast transient orders of
interference (burst) EN 61000-4-5 Interference
immunity to surge voltage EN 61000-4-6
Interference immunity to conducted orders of
interference induced by high frequency fields EN
61000-4-8 Interference immunity to magnetic
fields with energy technology frequencies EN
61000-4-11 Interference immunity to voltage
drops, short-time interruptions and voltage
fluctuations EN 50081-1 Interference emission
from appliances in the household area EN 50081-2
Interference emission from appliances in the
industrial area EN 50082-1 Interference immunity
of appliances in the household area EN 50082-2
Interference immunity of appliances in the
industrial area EN 61000-6-2 Interference
immunity of appliances in the industrial area EN
61000-3-2 Reactions in electricity supply systems
- harmonic oscillations EN 61000-3-3 Reactions
in electricity supply systems - voltage
fluctuations EN 60601-1-2 EMC medical electric
appliances
15
ESD Protection - Standards
ANSI ESD STM5.12001Electrostatic discharge
sensitivity testingHuman body model. ANSI ESD
STM5.21999Electrostatic discharge sensitivity
testingMachine model. ANSI ESD
STM5.3.11999Charged device model
(CDM)Component level. ESD Association Advisory
Documents ESD ADV1.02004Glossary of terms.
IEC 61000-4-21995Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC)Part 4 Testing and
measurement techniquesSection 2 Electrostatic
discharge immunity test Amendment 22001. IEC
61340-2-22000ElectrostaticsPart 2-2
Measurement methodsMeasurement of chargeability.
IEC 61340-2-32000ElectrostaticsPart 2-3
Methods of test for determining the resistance
and resistivity of solid planar materials used to
avoid electrostatic charge accumulation. IEC
61340-3-12002ElectrostaticsPart 3-1 Methods
for simulation of electrostatic effectsHuman
body model (HBM)Component testing
(IEC/101/33/CD). IEC 61340-3-22002Electrostati
csPart 3-2 Methods for simulation of
electrostatic effectsMachine model
(MM)Component testing (IEC/101/34/CD). IEC
61340-4-12003ElectrostaticsPart 4-1 Standard
test methods for specific applicationsSection 1
Electrostatic behavior of floor coverings and
installed floors.
16
Product Safety Standards IEC 60601
IEC 60601-12005Medical electrical
equipmentPart 1 General requirements for
safety. IEC 60601-1-22004Medical electrical
equipmentPart 1 General requirements for
safetySection 2 Collateral standardElectromagne
tic compatibilityRequirements and tests
Amendment 12004. IEC 60601-1-31994Medical
electrical equipmentPart 1 General requirements
for safetySection 3 Collateral standardGeneral
requirements for radiation protection in
diagnostic x-ray equipment. IEC
60601-1-42000Medical electrical equipmentPart
1-4 General requirements for safetyCollateral
standard Programmable electrical medical
systems. IEC 60601-2-11998Medical electrical
equipmentPart 2-1 Particular requirements for
the safety of electron accelerators in the range
of 1 to 50 MeV Amendment 12002. IEC
60601-2-21998Medical electrical equipmentPart
2-2 Particular requirements for the safety of
high-frequency surgical equipment. IEC
60601-2-31991Medical electrical equipmentPart
2-3 Particular requirements for the safety of
short-wave therapy equipment Amendment 11998.
IEC 60601-2-42002Medical electrical
equipmentPart 2-4 Particular requirements for
the safety of cardiac defibrillators and cardiac
defibrillator monitors. IEC 60601-2-52000Medic
al electrical equipmentPart 2-5 Particular
requirements for the safety of ultrasonic
physiotherapy equipment.
17
Product Safety Standards IEC 60601
IEC 60601-2-251993Medical electrical
equipmentPart 2-25 Particular requirements for
the safety of electrocardiographs Amendment 1
1999. IEC 60601-2-262002Medical electrical
equipmentPart 2-26 Particular requirements for
the safety of electroencephalographs. IEC
60601-2-272005Medical electrical equipmentPart
2-27 Particular requirements for the safety of
electrocardiographic monitoring equipment. IEC
60601-2-281993Medical electrical equipmentPart
2-28 Particular requirements for the safety of
x-ray source assemblies and x-ray tube assemblies
for medical diagnosis. IEC 60601-2-291999Medic
al electrical equipmentPart 2-29 Particular
requirements for the safety of radiotherapy
simulators. IEC 60601-2-301999Medical
electrical equipmentPart 2-30 Particular
requirements for the safety, including essential
performance, of automatic cycling noninvasive
blood pressure monitoring equipment. IEC
60601-2-311994Medical electrical equipmentPart
2-31 Particular requirements for the safety of
external cardiac pacemakers with internal power
source Amendment 11998.
18
Product Safety Standards others
ISO 111972004Medical electrical
equipmentParticular requirements for safety of
medical supply units ISO/TR 161422006Medical
devicesGuidance on the selection of standards in
support of recognized essential principles of
safety and performance of medical
devices ISO/IEC Guide 631999Guide to the
development and inclusion of safety aspects in
international standards for medical devices IEC
605131994Fundamental aspects of safety
standards for medical electrical equipment. EN
7931998Particular requirements for safety of
medical supply units. EN 45502-11998Active
implantable medical devicesPart 1 General
requirements for safety, marking, and information
to be provided by the manufacturer EN
50061Medical electrical equipmentSafety of
implantable cardiac pacemakers EN
612041995Low-voltage power-supply devices, dc
outputPerformance characteristics and safety
requirements Amendment 12002 EN
609502000Safety of information technology
equipment Corrigendum 2002 CISPR 11 -
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)
Radio-Frequency Equipment -- Electromagnetic
Disturbance Characteristics -- Limits and Methods
of Measurement.
19
Product Safety Standards IEC 60601 Summary
of first and Second edition
20
Software as a medical product
? Control algorithms for medical hardware
CT, pacemaker, ? Data evaluation,
visualisation ? Expert systems, databases ?
Computer aided surgery, Tele-medical
applications ? Risk Management Processes became
essential adapted from IEC 60601-1-4 ? CDRH
Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions
for Software Contained in Medical Devices
21
What does this all mean for our EEG device ?
Steps to get an EN-60601 CE certification ?
improvement of ESD protection for all inputs
15kV, especially for the amplifier input
pins (IEC 1000-4-2) ? improvement of isolation
barrier (DC/DC converter and optocouplers) to
withstand 3kV permanently ? calibration
procedurces in software, impedance checking ?
certification by notified bodies
Österreichisches Normeninstitut, TÜV ? last but
not least some money (do not try this at home
without 20000 at hands )
22
Electrostatic Discharge Protection
23
ESD ? One root cause of equipment
failure ? Can happen during production
and in field ? Errors often difficult to
track, degrading performance
Example RS232 interface chip after exposure to
an ESD event of 15kV
24
ESD Origin of electrostatic chargeing -
triboelectric effect materials with opposite
surface charges come together transfer of
electrons from one material the other
seperation leaves a net-negative and a
net-positive charge
25
ESD ? low humidity prevents localized charges
from moving ? Interaction of people with
their surrounding can produce significant
charge
Human body model 100pF capacitance charged upt
to 15kV 1500 Ohm series resistance
When discharged, this setup produces a very fast
rise time with peak current of 15kV/1500Ohm 10 A
26
ESD Testing standards
? Chip package pins are tested against
other groups of pins ? I/O pins should be
tested seperately
27
ESD Testing standards
Four Levels of ESD compliance in the IEC 100-4-2
standard Contact and Air Gap discharge
28
ESD Testing
Electron Microscope View of a Fused Metallization
Site, as a Result of Electrical Overstress
Example ESD waveform rise time, peak current,
amplitude at 30 an 60 ns
29
ESD protection strategies / guidelines
? Capacitor protection / Resistor Protection to
limit voltage / current Layout and design
compatibility needed ? Metal oxide varistors /
silicon avalanche suppressor (TransZorb)
? Place bypass and charge-pump capacitors close
to IC or I/O-port ? Include a ground plane on
the PCB ? Use protection ICs (e.g. NUP 4201)
and/or ESD protected ICs ? Proper grounding of
persons and facility ? Suitable power up
strategy for the circuit, consider maximum
ratings Further reading Maxim Application Note
639 on ESD
30
Sources / Links
? Dr. Wolfgang Ecker Skriptum Medizinproduktegese
tz http//cis.technikum-wien.at/documents
/bbe/5/srk/download/ ? Articles by EisnerSafety
http//www.eisnersafety.com ? Österr. Verband
für Elektrotechnik (www.ove.at) ? Österr.
Normungsinstitut (www.on.at) ? International
Electrotechnical Commission (www.iec.ch) ?
European directives http//ec.europa.eu/
enterprise/medical_devices/index_en.htm
http//ec.europa.eu/enterprise/electr_equipment/em
c/ http//ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproa
ch/legislation/guide/index.htm ? US Food and
Drug Administration / Center for Devices and
Radiological Health (www.fda.gov/cdrh)
31
Standards for Communication and Modelling
32
DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in
Medicine
? developed by ACR (American College of
Radiology) and NEMA (National Electrical
Manufacturers Association ) ? main purpose
transfer of image data (CT images) ? overcomes
file format incompatibilities ? allows creation
of distributed databases (TCP/IP) ? specifies
semantics of commands and associated data ?
Information Objects for images, waveforms,
reports, printing ? specifies levels of
conformance, not implementation details
33
DICOM General Communication Model
? Upper Layer service provides independence
from physical networking ? Basic File
Service provides storage media access
34
DICOM Parts and Application Profile
Example configuration of an application,
corresponding DICOM Parts
35
HL7 - Health Level Seven
? Non-Profit organisation, developing standards
for exchange of clinical and administrative
data ? HL7 Reference Information Model (RIM)
representation of clinical data domains ?
Special Interest Groups develop vocabulary,
XML-integration, Messaging Standards ?
Objectives Messaging/Protocols, Query
Sturctures, Medical Records Patient
Administration / Financial Management,
Clinical Order Entry, Laboratory Automation,
Application Management, Personnel Management
Security in Data Exchange (in respect to
HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act, 1996)
36
HL7 - Reference Information Model (RIM)
37
CDISC - Clinical Data Interchange Standards
Consortium
? CDISC develops industry standards for
electronic acquisition, exchange, submission
and archiving of clinical trials data ? Study
Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) Metadata
Variable definitions name, type, origin, role
Observation Classes Interventions
(medication etc.), Events, Findings
Relationships among Datasets and Records
Trial Design Model
38
File Formats for physiological data
39
File Formats Proprietary EEG recording formats
Neuroscan AVG, CNT and EEG EEG, PAT, EVT
Nervus/Profile EEG, PAT, EVT, VIDEO Nicolet
AllianceWorks Intuition EEG, PAT, EVT Nicolet
BMSI 5000 EEG, PAT, EVT, VIDEO Nicolet BMSI 6000
EEG, PAT, EVT, VIDEO Nicolet Bravo Intuition
EEG, PAT, EVT, VIDEO Nicolet EEG Vue EEG, PAT,
EVT Nicolet UltraSom NT EEG, PAT, EVT Nicolet
Voyageur EEG, PAT NCI Uniquant EEG, PAT, EVT,
VIDEO Nihon Kohden 2100 EEG, PAT, EVT Persyst
Layout (Exported Data) EEG Schwarzer/OSG EEG,
PAT, EVT Stellate Harmonie EEG, PAT, EVT
Telefactor TUFF EEG, PAT TMSI SMP EEG, PAT
Walter Graphtek EEG, PAT, EVT
Alpha-Trace DigitalEEG EEG, PAT, EVT ASA (ANT
Software B.V.) EEG Axon Instruments EEG, PAT
Bio-logic CEEGraph1 EEG, PAT Cadwell EEG, PAT,
EVT Cleveland Clinic Vangard EEG, PAT, EVT
EBNeuro Galileo DOS EEG, PAT, EVT EBNeuro
Galileo NT EEG, PAT, EVT EEProbe AVR (ANT
Software B.V.) EEG, EVT Electrical Geodesics
(EGI) EEG, PAT EMS Pegasus 1 and 2 EEG, PAT
European Data Format EEG, PAT, EVT Excel Tech
NeuroWorks EEG, PAT, EVT Micromed BrainQuick
EEG, PAT, EVT, VIDEO MPI Nijmegen (MPIData) EEG,
PAT
EEG EEG Data , PAT Patient Information, EVT
Event Data, MNT Montage Information, VIDEO
Digital Video Data Source http//www.eemagine.c
om/fileformats.htm
40
File Formats European Data Format - EDF and EDF
? Simple format for exchange and storage of
multichannel biological signals ? Defacto
standard for EEG recordings ? EDF was published
in 1992, EDF in 2003 ? EDF suports
annotations and events -gt EP, sleep stages
etc. ? Hundreds of EDF files and several EDF
viewers available on the internet ? format
description and demo applications
http//www.edfpuls.info
41
File Formats EDF - structure
HEADER RECORD 8 ascii version of this data
format (0) 80 ascii local patient
identification 80 ascii local recording
identification 8 ascii startdate of recording
(dd.mm.yy) 8 ascii starttime of recording
(hh.mm.ss) 8 ascii number of bytes in header
record 44 ascii reserved 8 ascii number of
data records (-1 if unknown) 8 ascii duration
of a data record, in seconds 4 ascii number of
signals (ns) in data record ns 16 ascii ns
label (e.g. EEG Fpz-Cz or Body temp) ns 80
ascii ns transducer type (e.g. AgAgCl
electrode) ns 8 ascii ns physical
dimension (e.g. uV or degreeC) ns 8 ascii ns
physical minimum (e.g. -500 or 34) ns 8
ascii ns physical maximum (e.g. 500 or 40)
ns 8 ascii ns digital minimum (e.g. -2048)
ns 8 ascii ns digital maximum (e.g. 2047)
ns 80 ascii ns prefiltering (e.g. HP0.1Hz
LP75Hz) ns 8 ascii ns nr of samples in
each data record ns 32 ascii ns reserved
DATA RECORDS nr of samples1 integer first
signal in
the data record nr of samples2 integer
second signal .. nr of samplesns integer
last signal
42
File Formats Physionet and the WFDB tools
? WFDB Waveform Database a set of tools to
read, annotate and convert physiological data
from the physiobank archive ? WFDB toolset
includes c-libraries, signal viewers, data
and file conversion tools ? supported formats
AHA, HEA, MIT/BHI, Netfiles (remote on the web)
header-, signal-, annotation- and calibration
files ? Link to physionet and the physiobank
archives http//www.physionet.or
g
43
BIOSIG Toolbox, other file formats
Biosig Toolbox by Alois Schlögl (TU-Graz)
accessible from C / Python / Matlab / Octave
more than 30 import filters for common file
formats signal analysis tools ? BDF a 24
bit extension of EDF, developed by BIOSEMI ?
GDF/BKR defined by TU-Graz ? DDB/DDF
Daisylab Data Files ? MFER medical waveform
encoding rules ? CEN/FEF file exchange format
for vital signs ? DAT brain atlas EEG data file
structure ? SIGIF signal interchage format
Further information about file formats and the
biosig toolbox http//hci.tugraz.at/schloegl
/matlab/eeg http//biosig.sourceforge.net/
44
The IEEE 11073 family of standards
Personal Telehealth Devices - Point of
Care medical device communication
45
IEEE 11073 The Scenario E-Health Integration
Telecare Technology Vision E-Health Interaction
and Integration
46
Origins IEEE 1073 MIB Medical Information
Bus IEEE 1157 MEDIX Medical
Data Exchange
47
IEEE 11073 family of standards
? device standards for controlling information
exchange to and from personal telehealth
devices and cell phones, personal computers,
personal health appliances and other compute
engines ? codes, formats and behaviors in a
telehealth environment to favor
plug-and-play interoperability ? Capture and
integration of medical instrumentation data
generated at the point of patient care to
achieve a better understanding of the
condition of the patient ? CEN, ISO and IEEE
cooperate to solve to the problem of
proprietary device- and communication
standards ? could provide a link between
device-level data and HL-7 long term health
records
48
IEEE 11073 family of standards
IEEE P11073-00103 Technical Overview data
exchange,
data representation and terminology for
communication
between personal telehealth devices and
computers IEEE P11073-10400 Common Framework
of communication,
managing devices and allow vendors to access
non-standard
features. IEEE P11073-10404 Pulse Oximeters
IEEE P11073-10406 Heart Rate Monitors IEEE
P11073-10407 Blood Pressure Monitors IEEE
P11073-10408 Thermometers IEEE P11073-10415
Weighing Scales IEEE P11073-10417 Glucose
Meters IEEE P11073-20401 Point-of-Care
Medical Device Communication
Application Profile Common
Networking Infrastructure, IEEE P11073-20601
Device Communication Application Profile
Optimized
Ex-change Protocol, which will define a common
framework for
creating an abstract model of
personal health data
49
IEEE 11073 family of standards
Goal interoperability with existing medical
information systems Method object-oriented
modelling of functionality and
areas of application (Domain Information
Model)
50
(No Transcript)
51
Sources Thomas Norgall - ECG Data Interchange
Formats and Protocols http//www.openecg.ne
t/WS2_proceedings/Session05/S5.2_PR.pdf Care
Services Improvemnt Partnership
www.icn.csip.org.uk/telecare
52
IEEE 11073 communication framework
The manager agent framework
53
IEEE 11073 some essential definitions
Agent The embedded measurement device
Manager The computing unit or data logger to
which the Agent is connected MDIB Medical Data
Information Base supplies an abstract
object-oriented data model
representing the information and services
provided by the medical device. The
objects include the Medical Device System (MDS),
channels, numerics, real-time
sample arrays, alerts, and others ACSE
Association Control Service Element provides
services including association
request and response, association release,
association abort CMDISE Common Medical Device
Information Service Element, and CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol provide
basic services for managed
objects, including the performance of GET, SET,
CREATE, DELETE, ACTION, and
EVENT REPORT functions
54
IEEE 11073 some essential definitions
? A Scanner is a tool that collects information
of various kinds from the device's MDIB and
sends it to the Manager in event-report messages.
A periodic scanner will examine a set of data
items and send an update at regular intervals.
? A context scanner is used to report the
object-model containment tree to the Manager
system. This way, the Manager can "discover" the
data that are supported by a given device
during the Association State. ? Once the
containment tree has been sent to the Manager
system and the Agent has received a
confirmation reply, the state model passes to the
Operation State, ready to begin regular
data communications ? PDUs (protocol data units)
are the messages of the Common Medical Device
Information Service Element (CMDISE)
55
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 1 Local Agent Initialisation
56
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 1 Local Agent Initialisation
57
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 2 Start of the Association Procedure
58
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 3 Start Configuration Agent MDS reports
itself to the Manager
59
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 4 Manager Application creates Context
Scanner in Agent MDIB
60
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 5 Configuration Agent sends Event
reports, Manager creates mirrored
MDIB
61
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Step 6 Manager reads attribute from agent using
the GET service
62
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Manager creates a scanner for automated
attribute access
63
IEEE 11073 communication framework
Scanner sends automated event reports
64
Further information on IEEE 11073
http//www.ieee1073.org/standards/1073standards.ht
ml http//www.ieee1073.org/overview/ISO-IEEE11073-
10201Annex.pdf
Thanks for your attention !