Motherboard and Bios

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Motherboard and Bios
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Generic Modern Motherboard
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Courtesy of ASUS USA
PCI-X
Chipset
CPU Socket
Battery
SATA
RAM
Power
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Things to know about the slots

• PCI-X and AGP (Advanced Graphics Port) -
  Special slots for graphics cards
• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Most
  common on newer PCs. Used for Graphics, Network,
  Firewire, and any other add-on card for a newer
  PC. Roughly 10 times faster than ISA
• ISA (Industry Standard Architecture ) Common
  on older PCs (Over 8 yrs old) Slower Bus speed
  than PCI

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Riding the Bus

• Lines of communication within the PC
• Capability measured in speed and width
• Modern PCs usually have a bus speed of 133-533
  MHz Older PCs have 66 or 133 MHz
• Important when buying additional RAM, RAM must
  run at the same speed as the Motherboard
• Main Bus vs. Front side Bus
• Bus width amount of data that can be sent over
  the same wire at the same time
• Modern PCs Maximum 64 Bits Bus Width

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Internal and External Bus

• Internal Bus On the board itself (Processor,
  RAM)
• External Bus leads outside of the box (USB,
  Keyboard connections, PCI etc)
• Can have different speeds

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PC Card Speeds

• AGP usually 32 Bits
• PCI 32 or 64 Bits
• ISA 8 or 16 Bits

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CMOS Battery

• Lithium Battery that backs up the System BIOS
• Needs replacing every so often
• Signs it needs to be replaced
• Clock does not keep time between reboots
• Computer loses hard drives, floppies, and other
  devices that are installed on the computer
• Other assorted weirdness

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BIOS (Basic Input Output System)

• A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the
  different hardware components in the system to
  make sure everything is working properly
• Activating other BIOS chips on different cards
  installed in the computer - For example, SCSI and
  graphics cards often have their own BIOS chips.
• Providing a set of low-level routines that the
  operating system uses to interface to different
  hardware devices - It is these routines that give
  the BIOS its name. They manage things like the
  keyboard, the screen, and the serial and parallel
  ports, especially when the computer is booting.
• Managing a collection of settings for the hard
  disks, clock, etc.
• Thanks Howstuffworks.com

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BIOS Updates

• Newer mobo's often have updates
• Adds functionality, fixes bugs, speeds things up
• Methods
• Making a boot floppy
• Boot CD-ROM
• Program that re-boots and updates

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Cooling

• Enemy 1 Heat
• Active cooling
• Passive cooling
• Moving parts wear out

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Active Cooling

• Fans
• Heat Exchanger
• Liquid

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Passive Cooling

• Heat Sinks
• Heat Exchanger