Biotic and Abiotic Factors

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The Biosphere
Biosphere- Life Globe
A Population is a group of organisms of the same
species living in the same area.
A Community is a group of different species
living in the same area.
An Ecosystem includes living and nonliving parts
of area.
The Biosphere is the Earth with all the different
types of Ecosystems
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Ecology Of The Planet
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Ecology Of The Planet
Ecology is the study of the relationships between
biotic and abiotic factors in environments.
Biotic factors living parts of an ecosystem.
Abiotic factors non-living parts of an
ecosystem.
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Abiotic Factors Include
Air
Water
Temperature
Soil
Wind
Energy
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Biotic Factors
Producers or Autotrophs can make their own food.
Usually through the process of photosynthesis.
Plants and algae are an example.
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Biotic Factors
Consumers or Heterotrophs must get their energy
and nutrients from other organisms.
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Biotic Factors
Herbivores directly consume producers (plants) in
order to get their energy.
Basically, herbivores eat plants.
Deer and cows are examples.
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Biotic Factors
Carnivores eat fellow consumers.
Another example is the
Carnivores are meat eaters.
penguin?
Wolves and lions are examples.
Save a piece of buffalo for me!
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Biotic Factors
Omnivores are opportunistic feeders who eat both
producers (plants) and other consumers (animals).

Maybe Im eating this nut
Basically, omnivores will eat anything.
Pigs, bears, and even squirrels are omnivores.
maybe Im about to rip your juicy little head
off!
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Biotic Factors
Scavengers-eat dead animals or carcasses
Carrion-dead animals or carcasses
Carrion- baggage taken on board an airline
Vultures, Beetles, and Raccoons are Scavengers
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Biotic Factors
Decomposers-break down remains of dead organisms
into inorganic components such as nitrogen
methane (CH4)
-Fungi bacteria
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Interactions
As these factors interact, we must define their
relationships
A predator is an organism that hunts and kills
other organisms for food.
Prey is the animal that is hunted or killed.
Waitis that hawk ripping the head off of a poor
little baby bunny?
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Yes.
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Symbiotic Interactions
Some species have very close interactions with
other species.
Symbiosis is a close, long-term association
between two or more species.
Mutualism is a relationship where two organisms
help each other out and both are benefited.
The Nile Crocodile and the Egyptian Plover bird
are one example.
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Biotic Interactions
Commensalism is a relationship where one organism
is helped, but the other is neither helped nor
harmed.
Selfish, sure, but neither gets hurt.
The remora fish is an example.
The small fish gets an easy meal and the shark is
neither helped nor harmed.
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Biotic Interactions
Parasitism is a relationship where one organism
is helped while the other is actually harmed.
The organism that benefits is the parasite while
the organism that is harmed is the host.
The tapeworm is an example.
They live in your digestive tract, can be up to
100 ft long, and may cause discomfort, diarrhea,
and loss of appetite.
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Biomes
A biome is a major community, a super ecosystem,
defined mainly by the dominant forms of plant
life and the type of climate.
A biome is NEVER defined by the animals that are
in it. Why not?
Animals can migrateor move.
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Major Biomes Of The World
Desert
Grassland/Savannah
Tropical Rainforest
Deciduous Forest
Coniferous Forest/Taiga
Tundra
Ocean or Marine
Fresh Water
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Carrying Capacity is the largest population that
can live in the same area for a long time.
Carrying Capacity depends on resources available
like
-Food water
-Habitat/land
It also depends on hazards like
-Disease
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Survival of the Fittest
Not all organisms are created the same
These VARIATIONS are small differences in an
organism caused by genetic mutations that can be
passed on to offspring.
Variations can be good or bad
ADAPTATION is any inherited genetic
characteristic, or trait, that increases an
organisms chance of survival.
How are a porcupines spines a good adaptation?
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Survival of the Fittest
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST - Organisms that are
better suited for their environment survive and
reproduce much more effectively.
Which of these birds would be most likely to
survive if there were lots of large, tough seeds
to eat?
If youre not fit for nature anymore, your bones
wind up in a museum.
NATURAL SELECTION. Nature selects which
organisms will live and pass on their genes and
which ones will die out.
Which of these birds would Nature select?
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