Vertebrates

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Vertebrates
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Characteristics of all vertebrates

• Vertebrae bones or cartilage that surround the
  dorsal nerve cord and form the spine
• Cranium protects the brain
• Endoskeleton

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9 Classes

• Hagfish
• Lampreys
• Chondrichthyes
• Sharks, rays, skates
• Actinopterygii
• Common fish

• Lobe-finned fish
• Amphibia
• Reptilia
• Aves
• Birds
• Mammalia

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Characteristics of Fish

• Fins are limbs adapted to steer body
• Gills
• Scaly skin
• Cold blooded

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Characteristics of Amphibians

• Having Two Lives
• Frogs, toads, salamanders
• They undergo drastic changes during
  metamorphosis.
• Smooth moist skin, no scales or claws, webbed
  feet

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Characteristics of Amphibians

• External fertilization
• Must return to the water to mate and lay their
  eggs.
• Respire through skin, gills and mouth cavities.
  Another reason they must stay moist.

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Characteristics of Reptiles

• Creeping
• Examples turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards,
  alligators, crocodiles
• Skin with scales
• Lungs
• Internal fertilization
• Claws on toes

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Characteristics of Reptiles

• Amniotic Eggshelled egg that can be laid in a
  dry location
• No mucous glands

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Characteristics of Birds

• Feathers (except scales on hind legs)
• Wings
• Bones are hollow
• Warm-blooded
• Organ systems reduced (only 1 ovary in female)
• No teeth
• Amniotic egg

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Characteristics of Mammals

• Hair
• Warm-blooded
• Internal fertilization
• Nurse young with milk from mammary glands,
  provide parental care
• Large brain
• 4 chambered heart