PLANTS FYI: Characteristics of Plants Multicellular

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PLANTS
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FYI Characteristics of Plants

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Photosynthetic
• 6CO2 6H20 Light energy ? C6H12O6 (glucose)
  6O2
• Have cell walls made of cellulose

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FYI 2 Categories of Plants
Non Vascular Does not have vascular tissue or
true roots, leaves, or stems
Vascular Have roots, stems, leaves, xylem, phloem
Vascular Seed Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
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FYI Non vascular plants

• Reproduction and survival depend on water. They
  MUST live in moist environments.
• examples
• MossesBryophyta
• Liverwarts
• Hornwarts

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FYI Vascular Plants

• Two Major Groups
• Seedless Vascular Plants
• Vascular Seed Plants
• Vascular tissuetissue in plant that transports
  food/water
• Vascular refers to veins.
• Xylem transports water and minerals
• Phloem transports food/nutrients
• not all plants have vascular tissue
• Is a basis for dividing plants into different
• phyla

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FYI Seedless vascular plants

• Have a vascular system, but dont reproduce by
  seeds or flowers, only SPORES
• Leaves are called fronds
• 3 divisions
• Club mosses
• Horsetails
• Ferns

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FYI Vascular seed plants

• Seedprotective structure where embryonic plant
  can be stored until conditions are favorable for
  growth
• Seeds allow for greater reproductive success

• Seed Plants
• Gymnosperms Angiosperms
• NAKED SEEDS
  Seeds protected by FRUIT
• Seeds are not protected by a fruit

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FYI Gymnosperms (naked seeds)

• Examples
• Ginko biloba
• Conifersplants with seeds inside cones and
  needle-like leaves
• Pines, firs, cedars, redwoods

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FYI Angiosperms

• Flowering plants
• Seeds are protected by fruit
• Produce fruits with 1 or more seeds
• Fruitripened ovary of flower
• Fruit aid in seed dispersal
• Examples maple trees, apple trees, wildflowers,
  herbs, azaleas, grass, oak trees, poplar trees

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Two Types of Angiosperms

• Determined by the number of cotyledons
  structure commonly known as a seed leaf. Found
  in the embryo of a seed plant and may form a
  leaf after germination
• Monocotone seed leaf
• Ex. Corn, grass
• Dicottwo seed leaves
• Ex. Trees, shrubs, sunflowers, most flowers

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Two types of angiosperms
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Plant Parts

• 1. stomata
• 2. cuticle
• 3. guard cell
• 4. xylem
• 5. phloem

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Plant Parts
Leaf
Stem
Root
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Plant adaptations to living on land

• Cuticleswaxy coating on the outside of plant
  that prevents water loss
• Leavesbroad flat structures (usually) that trap
  light energy for photosynthesis
• Rootsstructures that allow plants to obtain
  water/nutrients from soil

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Plant adaptations

• Stem- plant organ that provides support for
  growth and food storage.
• Spores and seedsstructures that keep
  reproductive cells from drying out
• Xylem transports water and minerals
• Phloem transports food nutrients

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Plant Tissues

• Stomata
• Controls the exchange of gases
• Helps control water loss.
• Guard Cells
• Control the opening closing of the stomata

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Flower Structure
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Flower Structure

• Flowers are reproductive structures for
  angiosperms
• Produce fruit and seeds

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Plant Organs
Pistil S located at center of flower, top of
stem F female reproductive part Stigmatop of
style sticky or hairy structure that traps
pollen grains Stylethe stalk that supports
stigma Ovaryenlarged base of pistil contains
one egg
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Plant Organs

• Petal
• Structure leaf like, usually colorful
  structures at top of stem
• Function attract pollinators

Stamen S located inside of petals F male
reproductive part Anthertop part of stamen,
produces pollen Filamentstalk that supports
anther
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Plant Organs
Sepal S leaf like, usually green structure that
encircle flower stem below petal F to protect
developing flower
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Process of Angiosperm Reproduction

• Pollinationtransfer of pollen from an anther to
  a stigma -Happens before fertilization -Pollen
  is transferred to stigma by wind or
  animals -After pollen lands, a pollen tube
  growsPollen tubeextension that allows sperm to
  reach egg inside ovaryAngiosperms have double
  fertilization meaning one sperm fertilizes egg
  and other sperm joins with another cell to form
  endosperm (nutrients).Seeds contain both
  endosperm and embryonic plant

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Carnivorous Plants

• Carnivorous plants (sometimes called
  insectivorous plants) are plants that derive some
  or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from
  trapping and consuming animals or protozoans
• Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places
  where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients,
  especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs and rock
  outcroppings.

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