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Reducing Greenhouse Gases with Bioplastics

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Title: Reducing Greenhouse Gases with Bioplastics


1
Reducing Greenhouse Gases with Bioplastics
CHE379 Technology Report
  • By Waygene Koay

2
Factors to using Bioplastics
  • Diffusion properties
  • Tensile strength
  • Thermal properties
  • Permeability
  • Environmental Factors
  • Life span
  • Manufacturing

3
Why Use Bioplastics?
  • Bioplastics
  • Applications
  • Bottling, resins, packaging, etc
  • Main constituents
  • Polylactic acids from starch (Corn, Potatoes,
    etc)
  • Oils, sugars, fibers, etc
  • Pros
  • Reduces or eliminates GHG in production
  • Requires less or no petrochemicals
  • Plants decreases CO2 in the atmosphere
  • Biodegradable - byproducts water, CO2, and
    organic materials
  • Can be utilized as fuel
  • Slow Release of CO2 allows for plants to absorb
    CO2 than release it in the atmosphere
  • Potential Cons
  • Uses Genetically Modified processes
  • Cost up to three times more than regular Plastic
  • Use of fertilizers and pesticides for crops

4
Problems with Conventional Plastic
  • Pros
  • Cheap and Easy to Manufacture
  • Good Commercial Properties
  • Cons
  • Complex entanglements of polymer chains (usually
    PET or PBT) make it hard to decompose
  • Relies heavily on petrochemicals
  • Needs processing
  • Recycling requires energy and money
  • Releases toxic chemicals
  • Fragmentation or Cyclization occurs
  • 200 million tons produced each year and most of
    it is not recycled

5
Composition
  • Polylactic acids (PLA)
  • Similar to regular plastic
  • Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs)
  • Aliphatic polyester that does not require
    synthetic processing
  • Uses bacteria/enzymes
  • Better heat resistance than PLA
  • Broader range of materials can be used to make
    PHAs
  • Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBVs)
  • Polyols
  • Plant oil
  • Variety of other Bioplastics
  • Extracted or Used
  • oil, starch, sugars, lactic acid, fatty acids,
    proteins, bacteria, fibers

6
Lactic Acid Polymerization
7
Broad Range of Bioplastics
  • Bioplastics made from starch use sorbitol and
    glycerine which plasticizes the starch into a
    plastic.
  • Different amounts of these additives are used to
    fit the use of the plastic
  • Bottling, packages, cloth,etc
  • Similar properties of regular plastic but
    environmental friendly
  • Starch can also be fermented into lactic acid to
    make PLA
  • Bioplastics derived from fatty acids (oils) can
    be utilized as a fuel resource
  • Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of
    Macromolecules (CBBM) created a new plastic that
    degrades in a form similar to diesel.
  • Thermal Properties
  • Can exceed stainless steel, which can be utilized
    in household appliances and mobile devices.
  • High conductivity increases heat dissipation can
    be used in electronics
  • Easy to mold due to lower melting temperature

8
  • We showed DARPA that we could make a new plastic
    from plant oils that has remarkable properties,
    which includes being tougher and more durable
    than typical polyethylenes. Additionally, the
    bioplastic can be placed in a simple container
    where it is safely broken down to liquid fuel.
  • Prof. Gross
  • Military units generate substantial quantities of
    packaging waste when engaging in stationary field
    operations. If we can turn this waste into fuel,
    we will see a double benefitwe will reduce the
    amount of waste that we have to remove, and we
    will reduce the amount of new fuel that we must
    deliver to the units.
  • Khine Latt, program manager for DARPAs Mobile
    Integrated Sustainable Energy Recovery program

9
  • Currently
  • Utilizes waste materials
  • Reduces Municipal waste
  • Use manure or compost
  • Reduces methane
  • High moisture content
  • Replace regular cloths
  • Can be converted back to monomer, purified, and
    further utilized as a plastic
  • Biodegradable
  • Requires less energy to manufacture
  • Less petrochemicals or none required
  • Requires no processing
  • Can use conventional plastic factories for
    manufacturing
  • Can replace fertilizers
  • Potentials
  • Improving biodegradability for certain
    environments
  • Metallization could provide better barrier
    properties
  • Addition of SiO2, carbon fiber, or other metals
  • Increases thermal conductivity
  • Specialized enzymes can enhance production
  • Could be cost effective as petrochemicals
    increase in price

10
Overview
  • Overall even though bioplastics are generally
    more expensive than regular plastic, the variety
    of uses and benefits could outweigh the cost. It
    cuts down on municipal waste, reduces GHGs, its
    environmentally friendly, and it can be used as a
    fuel. Lastly with developing technologies, these
    benefits will improve and the cost will be
    competitive in the market.

11
References
  • http//www.nec.co.jp/eco/en/annual2006/02/2-1.html
  • http//biopact.com/2007_09_25_archive.html
  • http//www.greencarcongress.com/2007/03/researcher
    s_dev_1.html
  • http//www.european-bioplastics.org
  • http//www.environmentalleader.com/2007/10/23/biop
    lastics-carve-out-niche/
  • http//www.epo.org/topics/innovation-and-economy/e
    merging-technologies/article-6.html
  • http//www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/ar
    ticle/bioplastics/
  • http//www.waste-management-world.com/display_arti
    cle/273126/123/ARTCL/none/BIOTR/1/Beauty-of-biopla
    stics/
  • http//www.biobasics.gc.ca/english/View.asp?x790
  • http//www.immnet.com/articles?article3135
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