Gender Budgeting Discussion Panel GB and pay equity: the direct way to equal sharing of responsibilities

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Gender Budgeting Discussion PanelGB and pay
equity the direct way to equal sharing of
responsibilities

• A road map of implementation ideas of the regions
  of BPW International

Consultancy on Human Rights Gender Issues,
Berlin (EU) www.boeker-consult.de Marion Böker
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His - Herstory Equality, Social Justice and
Peace Paradigms an old metaphor change into
methodology for practice of change -gt
inclusion

• First Womens Budgeting Initiatives at the
  beginning of the 20ties century within
  International Womens (Peace)Movement
• First rhetoric metaphor and political approach
  for Social and GenderJustice Peace
• More social spending for health, better work
  places, child care, education Nothing for war
• Activities at I. and II. World War by int.NGOs
• Today we have the tools and enshrined right to
  see our
• Govn.s in duty to implement

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Finances for womens needs are marginal what
are the effects of other 99, 95 on equality?

• In 2003 governments spent USD 68.5 billion on
  development aid. In that same year USD 900
  billion was spent on weapons and war.
• In 2003, 0.04 of total European Commission aid
  supported women-specific projects and programs.
  In dollar amounts this was USD 2.5 million out of
  USD 6.8 billion.
• In the Land Berlin 0,06 for temporary special
  measures for women

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Remember There is still some truth in the old
metaphor on failed budgets

• Source SIPRI Yearbook 2008, Table 5A.1,see also
  SIPRI military expenditure database.
• Note Some countries are excluded because of lack
  of data or or consistent time series data. World
  totals exclude Angola, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea,
  Guyana, Haiti, Myanmar, North Korea, Qatar,
  Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago and Viet Nam.

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Gender Budgeting checks if

• 100 of the budget is steering for gender
  equality
• Women will no longer debate on 0, 04 of the
  public expenditures
• gender budgeting shall provide a wholesome
  100-perspective knowledge
• it shall make sure that budgets dont
  discriminate or fixing traditional gender roles

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International Background Law, regulations agreed
consensus on the implementation of Gender
Mainstreaming Budgeting -gt Benchmark 2015

• 1970-80 UN-Decade for Women PRSP/EU-sponsered
• 1979 CEDAW 0Tolerance for any form of
  discrimination on the ground of gender/sex
  not even through the budget Shadow report
  Article 1-16 5, Art 2d, 3 see Diane Elson
  (06) Budgeting for Womens Rights. Ed. unifem
• 1995 ? 2000 Peking 5 and 2005 Peking 10
• 1999 EU Treaty of Amsterdam
• 1997 EU-decision on Gender Mainstreaming ?
  e.g. German cabinet for GM,
• 2001 EU-Finance Minister Conference by UNIFEM
  Benchmark 2015
• A5-0214/2003 Decision of the European Parliament
  --gt EU COMMs tasks listed!!
• 2005 Council of Europe Gender Budgeting. Final
  report of the group of specialists on gender
  budgeting (EG-S-GB) www.coe/int/equality
• 2006 EU Roadmap to Equality (bis 2010)
• 2007 CSW Confirms GM/GB especially on
  girls/boys - age as a category
• 2008 CSW Confirms implementation of GB
  financing for gender equality
• 2008 CCRE/CEMR European Charta for Gender
  Equality within the Life
• Communities/ by the Council of Communities and
  regions of Europe
• and the neighbours
• 2009 43 session CEDAW, Feb. 2009, CO Germany No
  23/24
• (see chapter in Alternative Report of the
  Alliance of German Womens Organisations Fact
  sheet during the 43. session for the committee)

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The financial crises- A new challenge to
integrate gender budget analyses in all fields of
public expenditure, allocation and in all
financial decision making levels as

• PAY GAP can be eliminated by
• GB in the budgedlines measures
• of the labour market, employement
• agencies, education, invest, But as well in
• the ba for personell of Govn. Entities
• ?(Land Min. Berlin, Urban Planning 17 by dom.
  female part time makes a minus by pay equity no
  Equality !!!)
• Outside of expenditure Effects of taxation
• non-discriminatory job evaluations and job
  assignment systems
• The social partners in wage agreements?
  representation of women in the unions, at the
  decision making level- gm GP in the mind of
  erveryone!

• Measures of the impact of the crises on gender in
  the BUDGETs(women men, stereotypes job
  chances, pay gap, pay lost by hours of care
  giving, lost of morgage/pension),
  discrimination, racism, drop out of men, VAW)
• At Govn., Finance summits of regions or G7 and
  stock markets shall have gender analysis units
  and mainstream a gp (must develope early warning
  gender crises indicators and communicate)

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Statement by CEDAW Geneva on Friday, 6 Feb 2009
UN committee concerned by impact of financial
crisis on rights of women and girls"The
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women expresses its concern on the
effects of the current international financial
and economic crisis and its impact upon the full
realization of human rights of women and girls
worldwide. While the scale of the current crisis
is still largely unmeasured, it is expected that
women and girls in both developed and developing
countries will be particularly affected by the
potential social and economic consequences, such
as unemployment, increase of responsibilities
both at work and at home, decrease of income and
potential increase in societal and domestic
violence."In such a context, it is necessary to
identify and respond to specific needs of women
and girls. Gender perspectives should be taken
into account in relation to the impacts of the
crisis on both a long and short-term basis,
including in relation to education, health,
security and livelihoods. Particular attention
must be paid to providing women with access to
programs aimed at immediately alleviating poverty
and hunger, with a view to guaranteeing that
national and international efforts effectively
reach those most in need and that funding of
programs for women's empowerment is not
eroded."The Committee underscores the
importance of recognizing the unique contribution
that women can make in the timely resolution of
the crisis. It calls upon States parties to
include women in the dialogue and decision-making
processes around these issues. The Committee
further urges States parties to comply with all
their obligations under the CEDAW Convention in
spite of the global financial crisis."
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Gender Budgeting fits in a setting of recent
reforms

• to regulate
• structure and functioning of the public financial
  management
• preparation and implementation of the public
  budgets
• internal financial control (ex-ante financial
  control and internal audit)
• accounting and reporting of all financial
  transactions
• concepts of performance budgeting and strategic
  planning are integrated into public financial
  system (EU Maastrich wants performance oriented
  Budgets, IMF, UN?)
• COMPILATION OF FINANCIAL STATISTICS (!!!)
• FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BE PRODUCED
• Balance Sheet
• The Statement of Operating Results
• The Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash
• The Statement of Budget Execution Results
• Other Financial Statements? GENDER STATEMENTS
• e.g.Ppp The Republic of TURKEY, Fiscal policy
  23 March 2006

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Definition http//www.unifem.org/gender_issues/wo
men_poverty_economics/gender_budgets_1.php

• Gender-responsive budget analysis simply refers
  to the analysis of actual government expenditure
  and revenue on women and girls as compared to men
  and boys. Gender budgets are not separate budgets
  for women and they don't aim to solely increase
  spending on women-specific programmes.
• Although national budgets may appear to be
  gender-neutral policy instruments, government
  expenditures and revenue collection have
  different impacts on women and men. Gender budget
  analysis helps governments decide how policies
  need to be adjusted, and where resources need to
  be reallocated.
• Applying gender analysis to the budget is not
  simply a technical exercise. It requires thinking
  about government finances in a new way, looking
  beyond the household as a single unit of analysis
  to examine the situation of each of its members,
  male and female. It requires a focus on the
  unpaid care economy, in which much of women's
  time is spent. And it requires gender-disaggregate
  d statistics.

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Gender Budgeting is the

• Re-organisation, improvement, development and
  evaluation of budget political processes. It is
  a genderbased evaluation of budgets, the
  inclusion of a gender perspective on all levels
  of the budgetary processes and it will ask for a
  complete change in revenues and expenditure in
  respect to the promotion and enforcement of
  gender equality.
• Council of Europe, p.12

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The Gender Budget Analyses and engendering the
budgetary planning document has it is primarily
focus on the expenditure

• But revenues (tax income) are not neutral either
  Each COIN in the budget comes from the women and
  mens income or/and paid and none paid work.
• So e.g. the gender related pay gap has an effect
  on the budget allocation? more or less tax income
  for more or less public services wealth
• As to 2005 the estimated income (PPP USD) was
• in Turkey for Women 4.385 (35 of mens income
  -7.983 USD)
• Men 12.368
• Source UNDP Human Development Report
  2007/2008, p. 327

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EU region Women earn 17,4 less

• Germany has a pay gap of -23 less
• but if you recognize the relation by full
  equivalents of part and fulltime
• each by hours and real income pay and measure the
  taxation effects
• The calculation of the loss must be bigger
• Add lesser access to capital market, land and
  resources
• WHAT IS THE DEMAGE TO THE SOCIETY, THE REGION THE
  WORLDS potential WEALTH or recreation power? ?
  Can we calculate it in USD?
• Think IN WAR TIMES female potential is always
  recalled - What about in times of crises- And
  why not in times of peace for Peace?

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Change the municipality budget - Gender Budgeting
as integral part of public budgetary reforms

• Chose a simple and low level for the beginning -
  the instrument of the beneficiary analyses of
  public expenditure
• to generate gender specific data- integrate them
  in budget planning document
• Step by step include more categories/ targeted
  groups as to their needs
• Define more detailed objectives what is equality
• for each budget article/ measure
• Define performance oriented indicators
• Analyse with input output-outcome
• Economics more outreach to all taking subsidies
  from public sector The private sector and its
  duties according to (international) legislation
• Include gender budget the cycle

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Expansion Gender and

• Age / groups
• Citizenship (background of migration)
• Minority (ethnical, cultural, religious)
• Educational healths background
• Handicap (persons with limited mobility)
• Income (socio-economical criteria/ professional
  groups ILO)
• Infrastructure of housing
• until it is Human Rights Budgeting

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UN-WORLD CONFERENCE Against Racism, Racial
Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related
Intolerance, Programme of Action, 2001, DURBAN ?
WCAR

• PARA 52, p. 63 f. Recognize that poverty
  shapes economic and social status and establishes
  obstacles to the effective political
  participation of women and men in different ways
  and to different extent, urges States to
  undertake gender analyses of all economic and
  social policies and programmes,
• especially poverty eradication measures,
• including those designed and implemented to
  benefit those individuals or groups of
  individuals who are victims of racism, racial
  discrimination, xenophobia and related
  intolerances

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The Budget Circle
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HOW TO START WITH GENDER BUDGETINGIntegrate GB
as a chapter in the NAP RAP for Gender
Equality or a Road MapWhat do you need (from
joined NGO and administration perspective)

•  clear political decision the political will
• implement a working structure (steering group
  including NGOs...) and resources
• lay-out a working plan in several phases
  (benchmarks) its a long term process- have a
  preparatory phases and a starting point with
  public event/s
• preparatory training by steering group include
  a educational institution (admin. academy,
  university- NGO coalitions)
• chose a low level implementation and tool for
  Phases I specific benefits of public
  expenditure
• collection and compilation of data absolute and
  relative
• identification of most relevant issues current
  transfers at city, state fed. system level
• start with a few budget articles (obligatory) and
  motivate for some more (facultative)
• increase the number of budget articles in Phase
  II
• create present best practice
• concentration on recipients of public funds
• Analyse budget articles, measures define
  objectives of budget articles (GM)
• make agreements with recipients to provide
  necessary information
• include gender information in the budget planning
  document

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Have a vision of gender budgeting as an
integrative part of normal budgeting process

• clear demands and requests by parliament and
  government
• clear formal structures, leading role for
  Ministry of Finance
• integration into the yearly budgeting process
  instead of additional
• reporting mechanism
• work together, learn together, learning by doing
• be practical, do not annoy people with too much
  theory
• bring together government officials, parliament,
  NGOs and other experts
• persuade more members of parliament of active
  collaboration
• enshrined gender budgeting in the budgetary law
  of the municipality
• NGOs
• provide monitoring and meaningful recommendations
• write shadow reports
• be ahead of the process- never loose the vision
• inform the public
• For all NETWORK ! On regional internat. level

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Thanks!

• You will find some literature under
• www.gender-budgets.de

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Practice of Gender Budgeting

• Since 2002 in Berlin, Germany
• annex II.

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Berlin - Gender BudgetingOrganizational Structure
Parliamentasks for activity and better
information
2002 / 2005 / 2007
Government (Senate)resolution gender budget
2002 / 2003
specifications
Gender Mainstreaming Land Commission -steering
group(state secretaries)
Two times a year since 2003
reports
Gender Budgetingsteering and working
group(chair head of budget departmenthigh
level government employees2 members of
parliamentindependent initiatives/ NGOs)
monthly since 2003 (since then over 50 meetings)
First in BPDoc 2008/08
Gender Budgeting as an integrative part of Berlin
state budgetary policy with all methods dealing
later with 100
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Resources Berlin with a deficit budget decided
its a good investment

• The Coordination Unit for GM/GB of the Land
• (4 persons staff within Ministry for Economy,
  Technology and
• Womens Equailty, budget for publications,
  conference, trainings)
• Order for Head of budget department, Ministry of
  Finance Berlin his staff collegue (their time
  as a regular part of the job)
• 100.000 EUR for external consultancy per year
  Especially requested from the districts-for GB
  GM-Analysis when first results had to be
  interpreted, varifyed e.g. Library playing
  ground, external consultants push the process
  further (indicators as best practice test, then
  methodology can be generalised)
• Programme of the Admin. Academy of the Land
  Berlin Training of their regular staff and
  freelancers for to train/teach new admin. staff

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The Political Will

• Starts as a commitment by candidats runing for
  elections
• The political parties Administrative staff-
• Is manifested best in documents Party programmes
  Coalition Contract to hold the politicians
  accountable for their commitment
• If documented must be told the media (!)
• is never strong enough
• Must be enshrined in the budgetary law
  procedure regularly of the municipality/ state-
  not depend on individual initiatves anmore but
  law and documents

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GB with GM is a necessary tool to solve economic
challenges

• GIA in the planning process for all new budget
  lines measures
• Longterm evaluation - Controling improvement of
  finances in the budget (the analysis often
  requires a re-definition the goal of measures
  proper gender equality- for which specific
  targeted group of women/men quota criteria of
  quality indicators while the volume of the
  budget line might be the same or changes a bit)
• Lissabon goals of women in labour force less
  unemloyment- less forced part time - (rights to
  work - more tax for the budget!)
• Elimination of pay gap For equal loan - Equal
  chances as entrepreneurs
• No more womens discrimination through taxation,
  pension, public contracting (outsourcing or
  subventions to private sector)
• Enshrining care economy as a economic factor of
  wealth value
• Sharing this payed and unpayed economic
  contribution between women and men
• Inclusion of women in decision making on
  budgetary and financial targets, effects
• Equal access for women and men as to their needs
  to public expenditure and all economic
  production of the society as well on (global)
  macroeconomic level
• Enhance States, Govn.s Civil Societies
  (Populations) capacity to address and profit from
  future economic challenges to create a framework
  of well being in dignity educate all on the
  capacity to do so- empower for participation

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Berlin Data Collection- Matrix was provided by
the Ministry for Finances
27
First Results on Municipality LevelFrom 6 to 56
products/ budget lines

• Source 3. Report of the Berlin Senat on GB 2005
  12 Districts
• In addition gender experts are doing GM-Analysis
  as to find out what causes the gap to not make it
  just sex counting- but find measures e.g. how
  to engage men in reading- how to make them users
  of libraries and not to send their mothers/wifes,
  sisters.- how to make libraries a public service
  adressing the needs of all groups including boys
  and men)
• 1. Seminars in Adult Educ. Inst. 74,31 Frauen
  25,68 Männer
• 2. Media in Libraries 63,39 Frauen 33,96
  Männer
• 3. Programme/ Events in Arts 61,25 Frauen
  44,29 Männer
• 4. Counceling of handicaped persons
  55,64 Frauen 44,36 Männer
• 5. Integrative Educational Family Counseling
• 52,20 Frauen 45,95 Männer
• 6. General Measures for Children Youth
• 45,09 Frauen 54,90 Männer

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Budget district Lichtenberg 2007 -
En-gendered 112 districts of Berlin
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Important economical issues can be addressed
after the first results Financial Programmes for
Entrepreneurs have to be balanced more gender
equal- Below PUBLIC donation for private
Entrepreneurs and special economic and work place
creation Ministry for Economy, Technology and
Women Stimulation of he private sector
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En-gendered Budget Land Berlin 2008/2009 Min.
for Integration, Labor Social Affairs-Advisor
for Int. Migration
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More in the 2008/09 gender informed budget.e.g.
Sport women in high levels are missed- What
gender-lesson for girls boys in leisure/job
practice?

• Beneficiary incident analyses of 14 subsidies a
  total of
• 5.973 000 MIO
• Effect on what jobs/labor/wages are generated
  Trainer for low level 46,1 ? zu 53,9? 580 T
  zu 680 T somewhat balanced!
• Contracted trainers for children/ minors 23,7 ?
  zu 76,3?, 118 362 T - more then a effect
  as job creator - Role-Models (!) a visible and
  effective restriction as the trainer job on
  higher level as an option for girls/women more a
  mens job area Lesson Girls stay away (they are
  smart)
• Trainer on higest champion level 208086 T362
  T
• And A huge amount of surrunding/ follow-up
  budgets and costs 4,8 MIO per post of 19-65
  more for male more jobs in the whole sport
  business in services for vissitors, in security
  services, the hospitals, prisons, in social works
  for nazis and violent, disfunctional male
  audience (increasing investment in male clients
  which dis-behave and produce more costs, -gt for
  men and more collateral demage for women and some
  men

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Other examples of early interventions are

• To invest in better equiped and hygenic sport
  grounds with roofs for more girls/women just
  allow female sport teams to enter the grounds
  (Lichtenberg, Krbg/Frh.) football
• Age groups being active in sports men in the
  middle ages stop sport activities- women increase
  them What about long life health and the gender
  relations
• BUT
• Berlin must become more progessive talking with
  private sector, companies when they take
  beneficiaries They then need to implement gender
  equality (no gender pay gap workplaces with
  works life balance criteria- )
• Berlin has to address poverty by more investment
  in better child care institutions and education
  (as well libraries, programmes for kids and young
  people and minority groups GB justifies
  investing here as well as in integration on
  the long run more workplaces and more qualified
  women and men of all groups will generate more
  tax and a higher budget- but more investment in
  this budget lines without an increase of the
  budget volume

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Limits of budgetary influence of the State/Land
(Federal System) Needs Chances and national GB
process

• Labour market issues in the education of
  unemployed, measures for unemployed or low
  qualified women and men gender specific (Fed.
  Unemployment Agency)! Multiple approach migrant
  specific, age
• Lots of funds are under federal authority
• Trade
• Military Security spending is increasing on
  federal level
• Tax policy (no individual tax for women) is
  defined on Fed. Level) many more!
• Sometimes we cannot get data if they are
  generated by a national institution or under a
  national regulation (Data on tourism as a growing
  private sector !!!)
• So
• Our Senate make interventions in the second
  chamber- Berlin brings gender competence Berlin
  requests gender action from the Fed. Council of
  Laender/ Bundesrat and into Joint Federal
  Laender Commissions
• WE NEED A FEDERAL GENDER BUDGETING PROCESS!