Chem. 133 – 1/29 Lecture

1
Chem. 133 1/29 Lecture
2
Introduction- Instructor Roy Dixon

• Educational Background in Analytical Chemistry
  and Environmental Chemistry
• Most of my research currently is in HPLC
  technology/methodology development or applications

3
Class Chemical Instrumentation

• General Goals of Education (copied roughly from
  Dean a few years ago)
• Jobs
• Career
• Skills
• Knowledge
• Member of Society
• Future Life-long Learner
• Main focus will be on skills and knowledge, but
  sometimes it is worth looking at larger picture

4
Learning Objectives of Class(Skills and
Knowledge Set)

• Learn how instruments work
• Learn measures of instrument performance and what
  affects performance
• Know common applications of instruments
• Connect instrument performance with method demands

5
Roll Call and Adding Students

• Class is capped at 12 students this semester
• Class currently has 7 students on list
• I will add 5 students (more if no shows)
• I plan to add students in gap between lecture and
  lab (this may take more than 10 minutes, though
  and may need a lottery drawing)
• Students wanting to add need to fill in the
  waitlist (read headings carefully and fill in
  information truthfully)

6
Adding Students

• Priority for Adding Students
• BS Chem majors graduating S13
• BS Chem majors graduating F13 and BA Forensic
  majors graduating S13
• BS Chem majors graduating S14, BA Forensic
  majors graduating F13, Other Chem/Biochem majors
  graduating S13
• All others

7
Handouts

• Syllabus Laboratory Schedule
• 1st Homework Assignment

8
SyllabusUpdates/Corrections

• Office hours
• Thursday 11 12 (listed time conflicts with
  class)
• Internet Site
• should be C133.htm (not .html)
• Text
• Rubinson and Rubinson will be on 2 hour reserve.
  I suggest you check it out and copy the two
  chapters we are using

• /dixonr/C133/C133.htm (no l)

9
SyllabusTop 3 Items

• Office hours
• can arrange meetings at other times
• Internet Site
• will post handouts, keys to homework and exams,
  practice exams, Powerpoint lecture notes, and
  updates (e.g. see syllabus)

10
Syllabus

• Text Books
• Harris (Quantitative Chemical Analysis)
• Main text
• We are using the 8th Edition, older editions
  could be used but you must find the differences
• Rubinson and Rubinson (Contemporary Instrumental
  Analysis)
• Supplementary text book
• Available at library reserves (also on-line
  reserves)
• Used for electronics and NMR instruction
• Skoog et al. (Principles of Instrumental
  Analysis)
• Recommended for anyone interested in working as
  an analytical chemist

11
GradingLecture Component

• Exams (46 of grade)
• First mid-term on Mar. 7th
• Second mid-term on April 17th
• Final Exam on May 23th (Half review of selected
  topics and half material after 2nd mid-term)
• Quizzes (6 of grade)
• Roughly every 2 weeks unless near exam
• Homework (3 of grade)
• Only a subset of problems will be turned in (Bold
  problems in first set)

12
GradingLab Component

• Lab Reports/Lab Practical (35 of grade)
• 5 lab reports (one for each lab experiment)
• Each report (or lab practical) worth 7 of total
  grade
• Possibility to replace one lab report with a lab
  practical for selected experiments
• Penalties for late labs (but 1 lab 1 period is
  acceptable in exchange for attending 1 Chem 294
  seminar)
• More on experiments in lab outline (will discuss
  in lab)
• Term Project (10 of grade)
• Hand out to be given out soon
• Will work on in lab during last 4 to 5 weeks, but
  basic due dates given earlier (e.g. topic,
  proposal, progress report)
• A poster presentation is required

13
Topics

• Electronics
• Emphasis on understanding multiple aspects of
  electronics for instruments
• Some topics will be covered qualitatively
• Electrochemistry (fundamentals qualitative
  understanding of ion selective electrodes)
• Spectroscopy
• Fundamental sections (theory and spectrometer
  components)
• Specific types (UV-Visible, fluorescence, atomic,
  and NMR)
• Mass Spectrometry
• Chromatography
• Theory of separations, and main components
• GC and HPLC

14
Homework Set 1

• Three subsets (1.1, 1.2, and 1.3)
• Bold Homework problems are graded do not turn in
  other problems
• Subsets should be done before quizzes (first quiz
  is on Feb. 12th, second quiz on Feb. 26).
• Solutions will be posted.

15
Todays Lecture

• Measures of Instrument Performance
• covering in lab (only need blackboard)
• Overview of Electronics
• Electronic Definitions and Basic Laws
• covering in lab (only need blackboard)

16
In Lab Today

• Data/Excel Basics
• covering in lecture
• Checking In
• First 15 pages of Lab Manual will be on website
  (read before Thurs. class)

17
Electronics

• Topics Covering
• Basic DC Circuits (Ohms Law, Power Law,
  Kirchhoffs Laws applications)
• Alternating Currents, Other Waveforms, and
  Fourier Transformation (lecture only)
• RC Circuits
• Diodes (lecture only)
• Signal Digitization (lecture only)
• Transducers (lecture only)
• Noise

18
Electronics - Overview

• Generic Instrument Block Diagram

Analog Electronics
Analog Signal Processing
Transducer
sample
Exciter
Digital to Analog (control)
Analog to Digital Conversion Board
Digital Electronics
Long-term Storage (Disk)
Digital Signal Processing
Signal Display
Memory
19
Electronics
Example Block Diagram for an Atomic Emission
Spectrometer
From David Zellmer, CSU Fresno http//zimmer.csuf
resno.edu/davidz/Chem106/ModZoo/ModZoo.html
20
Electronics

• Go to Board to Cover Definitions, Ohms Law,
  Power Law and Kirchhoffs Laws

21
Lab Topic Data Processing

• How to Set Up Folders
• Saving Raw and Processed Data
• Excel Processing of Raw Data

22
Data ProcessingHow to Set Up Folders

• Whenever possible, use your own folders
• Advantages
• All your stuff should go there
• Nobody elses stuff should go there
• Easier to find data/methods and less likely to
  have data overwritten

Example Chemstation
23
Data ProcessingSaving Raw Data I

• Typical instrument data consists of wavelength or
  time and response(s)
• Most software programs allow you to obtain raw
  data
• For some instruments (Buck GC), data presented
  using Excel looks nicer than software
  chromatograms (with the exception of no
  integration)

24
Data ProcessingSaving Raw Data II

• Steps in Process
• Open file (in ChemStation, you need to be in Data
  Analysis mode)

Example Chemstation
25
Data ProcessingSaving Raw Data III

• Steps in Process
• Look for way to export file or save file as
  with the output being a text file (these
  usually have a .txt extension)

In ChemStation, text file made as CSV file
26
Data ProcessingSaving Raw Data IV

• Steps in Process
• Once in text format, you can open using
  notepad, but best to move to Excel
• Demonstrate opening Expfil using notepad and in
  Excel

27
Data ProcessingSaving Processed Data I

• For Lab Reports, you will want to incorporate
  chromatograms and spectra
• Besides switching raw data to Excel, you also can
  use instrument software plots

The Alternative (used extensively for these
Powerpoint slides) is SHIFT Print Screen This
Copies the Screen Demonstrate
In ChemStation use Graphics ? Copy to Clipboard
Both of these methods allow you to paste
chromatograms into other programs
28
Data ProcessingData Smoothing in Excel

• Demonstrate using trendline for a running average
  and also using average function with Excel