transformer protection

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TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
A PROJECT ON HIGH TENSION TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION DUE TO OVER HEATING

• PRESENTED BY
• ONKAR NATH RAI

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CONTENT

• Object
• Aim
• Platform Used
• Block Diagram
• Power Supply Section
• Micro Controller Section
• Functional Numeric Display(FND) Section
• Relay Section
• Working
• Advantage
• Application
• Result
• Conclusion

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OBJECT

• In this system, If the temp. rises
  upto first temp. limit then firstly FAN will
  automatically operated, if temp. is adequate
  then its ok but if it is not proper then
  WATERPUMP will be operated to maintain the temp.
  and if WATERPUMP unable to maintain to temp.
  then the transformer will go to half load
  condition. Afterwards if temp. becomes low then
  the transformer will resume its working as
  normal. There is a temperature sensor which is
  placed in a transformer whose temperature is to
  be controlled. Transformer during its operation
  gets heat up to prevent it from excess heat we
  developed this system. The temperature sensor
  senses the temperature and supplied the signal to
  controller which decide or analysis the
  temperature and compares it.

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AIM OF THE PROJECT

• The main aim of this project is save the
  transformer from burning. This is mainly done by
  the controlling the temperature of transformer .
  By analyzing the temperature, our system controls
  the temperature by running fan on the air to
  remove excess heat.
• Here we use a temperature sensor which can sense
  the temperature of the transformer ,on sensing
  temperature it will forward the measured
  temperature to the microcontroller which control
  the entire operation of controlling temperature.

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PLATEFORM USED

• HARDWARE USED
• PIC microcontroller 16f72
• LM7805 Regulator
• Power Supply
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors
• Connectors
• FND (functional numeric display)
• Light emitting diode(LED)
• Temperature sensor
• RELAY
• FAN
• Motor
•  
• SOFTWARE USED
• MPLAB IDE v7.00
• Source code Editor
• Assembler 

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICROCONTROLLER SECTION
DISPLAY FND
POWER SUPPLY
CONTROLLING OF TEMPERATURE FEEDING
TEMP. SENSING OF DEVICE
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POWER SUPPLY SECTION

• RLMT Connector- It is a connector used to
  connect the step down transformer to the
  bridge rectifier.
•  Bridge Rectifier- It is a full wave rectifier
  used to convert ac into dc , 9-15v ac made by
  transformer is converted into dc with the help of
  rectifier. 
• Capacitor- It is an electrolytic capacitor of
  rating 1000M/35V used to remove the ripples.
  Capacitor is the component used to pass the ac
  and block the dc. 
• Regulator- LM7805 is used to give a fixed 5v
  regulated supply. 
• Capacitor- It is again an electrolytic capacitor
  10M/65v used for filtering to give pure dc.
• Capacitor- It is an ceramic capacitor used to
  remove the spikes generated when frequency is
  high(spikes). 
• So the output of supply section is 5v regulated
  dc.
•  

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POWER SUPPLY SECTION
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MICROCONTROLLER SECTION

• 5v supply- This 5v supply is required for
  the controller to get start which is provided
  from the power supply section.
• Crystal Oscillator- A crystal oscillator of 12
  MHz is connected at pin no.19,x1 and pin no.18,x2
  to generate the frequency for the controller. The
  crystal oscillator works on piezoelectric effect.
  The clock generated is used to determine the
  processing speed of the controller. Two
  capacitors are also connected one end with the
  oscillator while the other end is connected with
  the ground. As it is recommended in the book to
  connect two ceramic capacitor of 20 pf40pf to
  stabilize the clock generated.
• Reset section- It consists of an RC network
  consisting of 10M/35V capacitor and one
  resistance of 1k. This section is used to reset
  the controller .

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MICROCONTROLLER SECTION
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MICROCONTROLLER UNIT

• MICROCONTROLLER (PIC16F72)
•  
• The basic criteria for choosing a microcontroller
  suitable for the application are
• 1) The first and foremost criterion is that it
  must meet the task at hand efficiently and cost
  effectively. In analyzing the needs of a
  microcontroller-based project, it is seen whether
  an 8- bit, 16-bit or 32-bit microcontroller can
  best handle the computing needs of the task most
  effectively. Among the other considerations in
  this category are
• 2) The second criterion in choosing a
  microcontroller is how easy it is to develop
  products around it. Key considerations include
  the availability of an assembler, debugger,
  compiler, technical support.
• 3) The third criterion in choosing a
  microcontroller is its ready availability in
  needed quantities both now and in the future.

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FND DISPLAY

• FND is similar to the seven segment display but
  it has one more segment db for decimal. It has
  eight leds. The current specification for an led
  is 5MA-25MA. The safe range for the current to
  select is the mid value that is12MA and voltage
  required is 5v so the resistance required to
  limit the current in led is calculated by the
  ohms law i.e. VIR, RV/I and hence R comes to
  about
• 470ohm.
• FND are connected to the
  microcontroller at i/o port like p0,p1,p2,or
  p3,and also a transistor is required to get the
  FND on or off. The base resistance required for
  the transistor is also 470ohm.

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FND SECTION
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RELAY SECTION

• RELAY is an isolator and an electrical
  switch. The relay used is 12V-5A.To control the
  operation of relay an NPN transistor BC547 has
  been used. Whenever high signal comes at the base
  of NPN transistor it is switched on and whenever
  low arrives it is switched off. Base of the
  transistor is connected with the I/O pin of the
  microcontroller. Base resistance of 1k5 is
  connected at the base of the transistor. Whenever
  low is sensed at the pin of microcontroller
  transistor gets off and the output of the
  collector becomes high and the relay which is
  connected at the output of the collector becomes
  off. The reverse action of it takes place when
  high is sensed at the pin of microcontroller

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RELAY SECTION
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CKT. DIAGRAM
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WORKING OF PROJECT

• Here we are using a PIC microcontroller
  that has inbuilt ADC, through which it can sense
  the analog signal and at its output generate a
  digital signal. since temperature sensed by the
  sensor provide to the controller is in analog
  form so from PIC controller the work of this
  project become easier .
• Here we have used a temperature sensor
  which will sense the temperature of the
  transformer ,on sensing temperature it will
  forward the measured temperature to the
  microcontroller which control the entire
  operation of controlling temperature.
• The microcontroller compare the sensed
  temperature with the reference temperature which
  is either maximum or minimum temperature of the
  transformer and thus control it. If the
  temperature of transformer increases the maximum
  limit, the relay ON the FAN to give air and split
  on the transformer for cooling it .

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ADVANTAGES

• The project has achieved its set target well in
  Time and Budget.
• Based on cutting edge technology called Embedded
  development which is niche in the market today
  and its future is much bright.
• The product developed is ready for implementation
  and can bring financial benefits too by sale in
  the market.

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CONCLUSION

• We have successfully completed the project of
  high tension transformer protection . Through
  this project we conclude that the temperature of
  the transformer can control automatically using
  temperature sensor and microcontroller.
• Microcontroller successfully done the cooling of
  the transformer in case of increase in
  temperature of the transformer. The developing of
  this project has been a learning experience for
  all team members and would prove as a milestone
  in their academic career.

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Thank you
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Any Questions?