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Sources, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste

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Prepared by: Ahmed Sawalha Sources of Solid Wastes Types of Solid Waste Composition of Solid Waste Determination of the Composition of MSW in the Field Types ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sources, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste


1
Sources, Composition, and Properties of Solid
Waste
Prepared by Ahmed Sawalha
2
Presentation Outline
  • Sources of Solid Wastes
  • Types of Solid Waste
  • Composition of Solid Waste
  • Determination of the Composition of MSW in the
    Field
  • Types of Materials Recovered from MSW
  • Future Changes in Waste Composition

3
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
  • Sources of solid wastes in a community are
  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Institutional
  • Construction and Demolition
  • Municipal Services
  • Treatment Plant Sites
  • Industrial
  • Agricultural

4
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
  • MSW includes all the community waste with the
    exception of industrial process waste and
    agriculture wastes
  • It is important to define the various types of
    solid wastes that are generated and the sources
    to design and operate of the functional elements
    associated with the management of solid waste

5
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
  • Table 1 provides the sources and types of solid
    waste within a community

6
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
Table 1 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within
a Community
7
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
Table 1 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within
a Community (Contd)
8
Sources and Types of Solid Wastes
Table 1 Sources and Types of Solid Wastes within
a Community (Contd)
9
Nature of Municipal Solid Waste
  • Organic (Combustible)
  • Inorganic (non-combustible)
  • Putrescible
  • Recyclable
  • Hazardous
  • Infectious

10
Composition of Solid Wastes
  • Composition is the term used to describe the
    individual components that make up a solid waste
    stream and their relative distribution
  • Information on the composition of solid wastes is
    important in evaluating equipment needs, systems
    and management programme and plans

11
Composition of Solid Wastes
  • The residential and commercial portion makes up
    about 50 to 75 percent of total MSW generated in
    a community
  • The actual percentage distribution will depend
    on
  • The extent of construction and demolition
    activities
  • The extent of the municipal services provided
  • The types of water and wastewater treatment
    process that are used

12
Composition of Solid Wastes
  • Composition is the term used to describe the
    individual components that make up a solid waste
    stream and their relative distribution
  • Information on the composition of solid wastes is
    important in evaluating equipment needs, systems
    and management programme and plans

13
Composition of Solid Wastes
  • The residential and commercial portion makes up
    about 50 to 75 percent of total MSW generated in
    a community.
  • The actual percentage distribution will depend
    on
  • The extent of construction and demolition
    activities
  • The extent of the municipal services provided
  • The types of water and wastewater treatment
    process that are used.

14
Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW
15
Composition of Solid Waste
  • The percentage distribution values for the
    components in MSW vary with
  • Location
  • Season
  • economic conditions
  • population
  • Social behavior
  • Climate
  • Market for waste materials
  • Other factor

16
Determination of the Composition of MSW in the
Field
  • Because the heterogeneous nature of solid wastes,
    determination of the composition is not an easy
    task
  • More generalized field procedures based on common
    sense and random sampling technique have evolved
    for determining composition
  • The procedure for residential MSW can be
    summarized as following
  • The load is first quartered
  • One part is then selected for additional
    quartering unit a sample size of about 200 lb is
    obtained
  • It is important to maintain the integrity of each
    selected quarter regardless of the odor or
    physical decay
  • make sure that all the components are measured

17
Determination of the Composition of MSW in the
Field
  • The field procedure for component identification
    for commercial and industrial waste involves the
    analysis of representative waste samples taken
    directly from the source, not from a mixed waste
    load in a collection vehicle. Due to the fact
    that these wastes are so variable.

18
Types of Materials Recovered from MSW
  • Aluminum
  • Paper
  • Plastics
  • Glass
  • Ferrous Metals (Iron and Steel)
  • Nonferrous waste
  • Yard waste collected separately
  • Construction and demolition wastes

19
Types of Materials Recovered from MSW
  • Recycling is the best way to solve solid waste
    management problem. This process exists in all
    cities . However, the recycling system differs
    from developing countries and developed countries
    .
  • Developed countries have well organized source
    separation and recycling system while in the
    developing countries the system of recycling is
    not effective because it is still in the hands
    of informal sectores

20
Developing Countries Have Recycling System
Starting From Curbside Collection System.
Separate Colored Collections Bins are Provided to
Deposit Separate Waste Material
21
These Sorting Facilities are Well Organized and
Materials are Separated for Further Processing
22
Separation of Recyclable and Placing Separately
23
These Scavengers Collect the Recyclables and
Separate in their Own Premises
T
24
Recyclables Collected from Scavengers are
Deposited in One Place
25
Future Changes in Waste Composition
  • In terms of solid waste management planning,
    knowledge of future trends in the composition of
    solid waste and quantities are of great
    importance.
  • Food Waste
  • The quantity of residential food waste collected
    has changed significantly over the years as a
    result of technical advances and change in public
    health
  • Food processing and packaging industry and the
    use of kitchen food waste grinders have effected
    the quantity of food waste
  • The percentage of food waste, by weight, has
    decreased from about 14 percent in the early
    1960s to about 9 percent in 1992.

26
Future Changes in Waste Composition
  • Paper and Cardboard
  • The percentage of paper and cardboard found in
    MSW has increased greatly over the past half
    century , rising from about 20 percent in the
    early 1940s to about 40 percent in 1992
  • if the U.S. postal rate for bulk mail were
    increased to first class mail, a significant
    reduction would occur in the amount of paper
    collected for disposal
  • Yard Wastes
  • The percentage of yard waste has also increased
    significantly, due primarily to passage of laws
    that prohibit burning of yard wastes.
  • By weight, yard waste currently accounts for
    about 16 to 24 percent of the waste stream
  • Environmental conditions such as droughts have
    also affected the quantities of yard wastes
    collected in certain locations

27
Future Changes in Waste Composition
  • Plastics
  • The percentage of plastics in solid waste has
    increased significantly during the past 50 years
  • the use of plastics has increased from almost
    non-measurable quantities in the early 1940s to
    between 7 and 8 percent, by weight, in 1992
  • It is anticipated the use of plastic will
    continue to increase, but at a slower rate than
    during the past 25 years
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